IMG_4307

Handwritten Identify the molecule names, enzyme name, enzyme classification and change in reaction(for glycolysis pathway)

Choose the enzyme and cofactors involved in the reaction of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis. H H-TOPO Fo HOTH HDH HOH MOTOPOP K E H-TOH H OPO Problem 3 of 17 A B Q D E fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase phosphoglucose isomerase glucose-6-phosphatase phosphoglycerate kinase hexokinase

Consider the following reaction sequence. glucose 1-phosphate + UTP UDP-glucose +-0-P-0- UDP-glucose + (glucose), UDP + (glucose),+1 Which of the following characterizes this process? consumes energy O all of these anabolic O a step in gluconeogenesis

Given the following enzymes, reactants, and prodcuts, explain what each step is accomplishing

Identify the correct type of metabolic pathway at the four indicated positions

Draw the product of the reaction of acetyl CoA with CO2 catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase in the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. Drawing SCOA Q acetyl-COA carboxylase biotin cofactor HCO3, ATP ADP, Pi, H*

Give typed explanation of both otherwise leave it

What is the effect of a defective a(1→ 4) phosphatase in Pompe's disease (GSD II)? O Accumulation of abnormal, unbranched glycogen, leading to heart or liver failure and short fife expectancy O Glycogen accumulation in heart, leading to heart failure, muscle weakness, short life expectancy O Absence of UDP-glucose conversion to glycogen, leading to lack of muscle glycogen, exercise intolerance Glycogen accumulation due to lack of glucose-6-phosphate conversion to glucose, leading to liver enlargement, hypoglycemia, short life expectancy O Lack of complete degradation of glycogen to glucose. leading to mild hypoglycemia, enlarged liver and muscle weakness Submit Request Answer

Xylulose-5-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway (see Figure ). As xylulose-5-phosphate levels rise in response to excess glucose shunting through the pentose phosphate pathway, does flux through glycolysis increase or decrease?

1) Glycolysis is central to carbohydrate metabolism and is an intergrated part of other carbohydrate metabolic    pathways.Provide a metabolic map of the first phase of glycolysis to show how it intergrates with glycogen metabolism, fructose and galactose catabolism in the liver.Include the four kinases.

In class, I mentioned that fructose is metabolized differently in the liver compared to glucose. Refer to the figure shown below to calculate the number ofATPs you would expect from the metabolism of fructose in the liver. Show your work! Fructokinase Fructose Fructose-1-P АТР ADP Aldolase B Dihydroxy- acetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde АТР Triose kinase Triose phosphate isomerase ADP 4 - Glyceraldehyde-3-P Glycolysis Руruvate Acetyl-CoA Fatty acids and triglycerides

Define beta-oxidation of fatty acids? Describe in detail three different steps of beta-oxidation of FAs.

Consider the each of the amino acids in the peptide below. Ala-Ile-Asp-Arg-Gln-Gly-Pro-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Val-Ile-Gln-Leu If all of the amino acids are degraded to yield energy (ATP), explain how many Acetyl CoAs for oxidation to CO2 could be produced from this peptide. note: Do not make glucose at the beginning, however converting the TCA intermediates into molecules in the glycolytic pathway for optimal Acetyl CoA production is allowed. Be sure to show clearly which pathway will the Acetyl CoA enter (to yield ATP ultimately) under such condition

blank 1 choices: a decrease, no change, an increase blank 2 choices: decrease in, increase in, constant blank 3 choices: incresse, descrease, remain unchanged blank 4 choices: proceed, proceed no

1, Using Model 10.9, draw the structure of the substrates of the pentose phosphate pathway and write down the enzymes and coenzymes that are involved in the reaction

Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5 activation by acyl-CoAsynthe ✓ [Choose ] one cycle ofß-oxidationbeginning at the enoyl-CoAhydratasestep three cycles ofẞ-oxidation five cycles ofß-oxidation activation by acyl-CoAsynthetase enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity V one cycle ofß-oxidationbegini V five cycles ofß-oxidation OH

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The following nutrient molecule is digested and transported to a cell where it undergoes further catabolism: но c-(CH;)14-CH3 di In the table below, list the important products of the complete B oxidation of this molecule. • In the first column of the table, write the chemical formula, name, or standard biochemical symbol for a product molecule. In the second column, write the total number of these molecules produced. • Only list the Important products, including (1) molecules with any of the carbon atoms that were in the original molecule, (2) energy storage molecules (like ATP), and (3) newly oxidized or reduced coenzymes. List each product molecule on a separate row. You can add more rows if you need them. • Be sure you write the number of product molecules formed by the complete B oxidation of the molecule above. • Do not include the products of any catabolic activity that happens before or after B oxidation, including any necessary activation. If the molecule contains small parts…

Draw the products of the reaction of xylulose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate catalyzed by transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. H H H OH FO HO-H H-OH H OPO3²- Q transketolase Draw glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate H H- H H H O OH OH OPO3²- Draw fructose-6- phosphate Q I I

esent ane to produce the sucrose is actually points) Consider a situation where valine was used by the liver for gluconeogenesis. Valine is metabolized via the following pathway. 2022, Arizona State University COA valine NH₂ COO CO₂ ATP HỌ NHỉ COA CO₂ COO NAD NADH NAD NADH COA H+ H FAD FADH2 r CO2 COA COA H₂O COO H COO NADH NAD+ H HOT GTP GDP HOT P₁ COA ADP+ P COA COO COA Coo succinyl CoA How many molecules of valine would be required for one molecule of glucose? Using the appropriate amount of valine determined above, how many NADH, FADH2, and ATP would be produced or consumed by the conversion of valine into glucose? Assume that any net production of NADH and FADH2 is used in electron transport. What is the maximum net ATP production in the human mitochondria (10 c subunits)? Don't forget to add/subtract the ATP determined in the above question.

1) under intracellular conditions, answer : If G3P-DH is inhibited by Iodoacetic acid, which glycolytic intermediate will accumulate most rapidly and why ? 2) How will increased oxaloacetate level in mitochondria affect fatty acid biosynthesis ?

Do we have evidence that amylase can effectively digest starch in the mouth? Say yes or no. If yes, explain what the evidence is from this experiment. If no, explain what results in our experiment would have to be different to give us this evidence.

Consider oleic acid (18:1∆9): 1. How many NADH will be produced from complete oxidation of this fatty acid? 2. How many FADH2 will be produced from complete oxidation of this fatty acid? 3. Total number of ATP produced from NADH in complete oxidation of oleic acid (exclude transport cost of the fatty acid)? 4. Total number of ATP produced from FADH2 in complete oxidation of oleic acid (exclude transport costs of the fatty acid)? Please provide how you got them.

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B-oxidation of a 15:0 fatty acid will result in the production of O 7 acetyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH O 7 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 8 FADH2, and 8 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2, and 6 NADH

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Galactose derived from lactose during milk consumption can be metabolized via the glycolytc pathway. Arrange the intermediates of galactose metabolism via glycolysis in order trom the first intermediate to the last intermediato. UDP-glucose Galactose UDPgalactose Galactose 1-phonphate

Figure 22.3 6 shows the response of acetyl CoA carboxylase to varying amounts of citrate. Explain this effect in light of the allosteric effects that citrate has on the enzyme. Predict the effects of increasing concentrations of palmitoyl CoA.

Fatty acid synthesis is largely the reverse of beta oxidation, yet there are some distinct differences. From the statements below, which of the following is inaccurateconcerning fatty acid metabolism?  Both processes use mobile electron carriers Both beta oxidation and fatty acid synthase use a carrier group The first step in fatty acid degradation pathway and biosynthetic pathway are regulated C2 unit of acetyl moiety is used in both fatty acid degradation and fatty acid biosynthesis Both processes occur in a unique, specific location (Compartmentalization)

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Phosphoenolpyruvate serves as the precursor of the glycerol backbone during TAG biosynthesis. O True O False