Lab #2

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.  Simulations 4-6 had lower density of birds (more spacing), how did this influence their ability to escape predation?  With more spacing, which number of Junco’s was most advantageous (4, 8, and 16)?  Ecologically explain this result.    If this flock of birds occurred in an area with low food availability what flock density would you predict? Explain how food availability impacts flock size/competition.       Was there a relationship between prop. Vigilance (proportion of birds looking up right before Hawk attack) and the rate at which they escaped predation?             Was there a relationship between Mean vigilance (average number of birds looking up each tick) and the rate at which the Junco’s the escaped predation? Was there a relationship between Mean vigilance and the number of birds in the flock?

help me solveCritical Thinking #1 Biol 1406 Group Names:Read the following and fully answer the questions below. Most answers will be multiple sentences or a paragraph in length.Nearly half a century ago, D. W. Kaufman investigated the effect of prey camouflage on predation. Kaufman tested the hypothesis that the amount of contrast between the coat color of a mouse and the color of its surroundings would affect the rate of nighttime predation by owls. He also hypothesized that the color contrast would be affected by the amount of moonlight. In this exercise, you will analyze data from his owl-mouse predation studies.Pairs of mice (Peromyscuspolionotus) with different coat colors, one light brown and one dark brown, were released simultaneously into an enclosure that contained a hungry owl. The researcher recorded the color of the mouse that was first caught by the owl. If the owl did not catch either mouse within 15 minutes, the test was recorded as a zero. The release trials were…

Give me three hypotheses and predictions

The relationship between predator and prey populations has been studied by computer simulation using equations which form part of a mathematical model devised by Lotka and Volterra. The data in Table 6.10 show the results of such a simulation when the prey population begins with 20 individuals and the predator population begins with six individuals.  1.Explain why the peaks in the predator population occur after those in the prey population. 2. This simulation assumes one prey species and one predator species in an imaginary ecosystem and is based on mathematical equations. Why is it likely to be too simplistic to describe accurately what happens in nature?

Question in image! all one part! thanks!

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Expat Med @DrExpat_ 4. Respond to this tweet on the right using mathematical evidence from the Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey interactions. Draw a graph to illustrate what the Roomba's population growth rate would look like in the wild in the absence of predation (*assuming the Roomba was capable of reproduction in its new habitat). I LEFT MY FRONT DOOR OPEN AND MY ROOMBA JUST WENT OUT AND I CAN'T FIND IT. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF e THIS. IT HAS NO NATURAL PREDATORS. 3:50 AM 19 Dec 18 Twitter Web Client a th 1,755 Retweets 8,619 Likes 5. Are there any factors missing in the Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey interactions that you might need to include to accurately model prey population growth in the absence of predators? ar at ee

三| m 13 TABLE 14.2 Generation: 2. 11 12 14 15 3. 9 Initial Prey loo lo044 이 814 22 Total Prey Captured 2. 1|9れ|8t|8E Initial Predators 654 (1 20 4 2. Surviving Predators 3 2 to 33 Predator Offspring 12 Data Analysis: Graph your results. and initial 1 Independently (not with your group), use the data in Table 14.2 to enter the initial predators into two columns in a spreadsheet (e.g., Excel or Google Sheets). prey 2 Select these two columns, and Insert a line graph. 3 In Chart Layouts, select Layout 1 and enter a chart title and the y-axis title (Abundance). 4 In Layout, select Axis Titles, Primary Horizontal Axis Title, Title Below Axis, and enter the x-axis title (Generation). 5 Select the y-axis numbers, Format, Format Selection; click Logarithmic scale, “Cross" for major tick mark type, and “Cross" for minor tick mark type. 6 Save to the desktop and e-mail the file to yourself. Print your graph and turn it in with this lab. DO YOUR OWN WORK! NO PHOTOCOPIES! Or your instructor may…

Q6.4. The graphs below depict hypothesized population dynamics (population size, N, vs. time) for a predator-prey system. Based on what you've learned in this tutorial by investigating moose and wolf population cycles, which graph best represents a predator-prey system, and which curve (blue or red) describes dynamics for the predator species? mm Time ana Time The graph on the left is the best representation, and the predator's curve is blue. The graph on the left is the best representation, and the predator's curve is red. The graph on the right is the best representation, and the predator's curve is blue. The graph on the right is the best representation, and the predator's curve is red.

(A) How is the evolution of the relationship between predator and prey like an arms race? (B) Why is it that the prey usually leading in the evolutionary arms race?

Answer is neither trail following or map compass navigation

com/forms/d/e/1 FAIPQL Hawk Ocelot Flycatcher bird Squirrel Caterpillar Iguana Grasshopper Plant materials, leaves, fruits, seeds Figure 4. Terrestrial food web a. Idenrifv. from the food web shown in Figurea food chain ich FOUR trophic lev els. Your answer KO Nentify. from the food web in Figure 4 ONE predator and ONE organism which is likelv to he its prev dp

Why D is wrong?

Why is the prey isocline depicted unrealistic?

Think about a predator-prey system that perfectly follows Lotka-Volterra dynamics. The search efficiency parameter (a) represents how quickly the predator finds and kills its prey. What would happen if most the predator population had a parasite that made them less effective predators? Infected animals find and kill prey less frequently (that is, the parasite caused the value of the search efficiency parameter to decline). the populations would still cycle; the amplitude of prey and predator would increase Othe populations would no longer cycle; the prey would increase and the predator would go extinct the populations would no longer cycle; the prey would go extinct and the predator would increase the populations would still cycle; the amplitude of prey and predator would decline the predator and prey populations would no longer cycle; the parasite and the predator populations would cycle instead

INTRODUCTION: Quadrat sampling is a classic tool for the study of ecology, especially biodiversity. In general, a series of squares (quadrats) of a set size are placed in a habitat of interest and the species within those quadrats are identified and recorded. QUESTION: What are the advantages and disadvantages of a quadrat sampling method?

If you adjust each of the four constants, one at a time, by 10%, which seems to have the greatest impact on the simulation output? Examine the Lotka-Volterra equations to explain by this constant makes such a big difference in the predator-prey system. Hint: This constant affects both the birth rate of predators and the death rate of prey.

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Question 11 Which of the following statements is TRUE? A Predation exerts a selective force on the prey, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of capture. B Predation only favors the prey with the evolution of more efficient ways to escape predators. Predation only favors the predator with the evolution of more efficient ways to catch prey. D Predation exerts a selective force on the predator, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of prey capture. Question 12 When the relative abundance of an organism is used to determine the overall health of an environment, that organism is referred to as a(n) Species diversity

In the Introduction, the authors set the stage for their experiment. What ecological issues were facing Yellowstone National Park when wolves were no longer there, and how were the researchers going to test the questions they wanted to ask?   In 4 – 6 sentences, summarize the Methods section of this paper. One of the questions the researchers asked when they began their experiment was “With wolves now back on the Yellowstone landscape for 15 years, how has the reintroduction of wolves affected the recruitment of the woody browse species?” Use data from the Ripple and Beschta paper to support your answer.   In any scientific paper, the Discussion is often the most hard-hitting, and where researchers elaborate and explain their results in the context of their experiment and the real world. Explain why when researchers tried culling some of the elk herd it did not have trophic effects, while reintroducing wolves did have trophic effects.   Describe the multiple impacts of wolf…

Need help with 2 and 3 ASAP :)

With respect to the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model, which of the following statements is most likely true? Under this model, it is possible for a predator to drive its prey to extinction. All of the statements are true. Non of the statements is true. This model predicts neutrally-stable predator-prey cycles, as opposed to a stable equilibrium. O In this model, an increase in searching efficiency (a) will increase the maximum prey population.

Question:- Identify at least 4 different cause that are used by migratory animals to find their way during migration. Then, pick one of the cause and explain how we know that at least one species or organism uses these cues.

Quèstion 36 Which behavior is optimal for an organism using risk-sensitive foraging? decreased time feeding when the number of predators increases increased time spent searching for food at longer distances decreased feeding as the number of predators decreases feeding from a central supply of food or water

Question: Competition is an interaction in which one population is the food source for another.   True or False?

Please help me with this question immediately will appreciate your help thanks.

Thinking about the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model, what effect should an increase in searching efficiency (a) have on the maximum prey population? Increase Decreasė No change < Previnus V Finish

Question: Think and research the effects of humans' buildings structures, communities, etc. on undeveloped land. Particularly, look at natural species in Texas, as well as the physical environment.

Thẻ graphs below represent h What can you conclude from the researcher's results? Cactus Corner Desert Valley 20 • Short horns O Long horns 0. 6. 12 12 Weeks Weeks The hypothesis that longer horns offer greater protection against predation is supported. • The hypothesis that longer horns offer greater protection against predation is NOT supported. The experiment is well designed, but the results are inconclusive about the hypothesis. The experiment is not well designed to test the hypothesis. MacBook Pro Surviving Lizards 20

What is the Predator Release Hypothesis? Explain how it works. What is ONE principle or idea that we studied in this course that can be illustrated using it (other than predation).  Explain how the predator release hypothesis fits into that idea.

What would it mean if apredator removal experiment yielded theopposite results from those shown in Figure 54.5—that is, numbersof surviving moths increased where predators were not removed?