Lab 8B

2. The trophic relationships in real biological communities are much more complex than a simple food chain. These more complex trophic relationships are shown in a food web. This diagram shows a small part of a food web. Notice that the food web contains multiple food chains. A. Circle the organisms in one of the food chains in this food web. B. Label the producer in the food chain you circled. mountain lion C. Explain why the hawk in this food web is a trophic omnivore, even though it does not eat both plants and animals. deer atrod ugog 10ods nous W snake rabbit trees hawk mouse- grasses frog Z cricket bas to AnidT A 46

2. Based on the biome you would expect P. rufipes to be found, what kind of animals at other trophic levels would you expect P. rufipes to interact with? (Note: these interactions can include predation, parasitism, competitors, etc.). In other words if you were to design a food web with P. rufipes in it, what other type of animals would be in it and would interact directly with the wasp?

5. The organisms used as examples in this activity are common in lake and river ecosystems in North America. Using the information below construct a food web of a typical lake ecosystem in the space provided below. • Algae undergo photosynthesis • Zooplankton eat algae • Minnows eat zooplankton, algae and insect larvae • Largemouth bass eat sunfish and minnows • Sunfish eat minnows and insect larvae • Osprey eat largemouth bass • Insect larvae eat zooplankton and algae • Snapping turtles eat minnows and sunfish

6. Mant top level consumers are large carnivores. Explain how their size affects or is affected by the dynamics of energy, biomass and/or numbers pyramids.   7. What other factors in an ecosystem may affect pyramid shapes for that ecosystem?   8. What level of an ecological pyramid would contain humans? Please explain your choice.   9. Many farmers use pesticides on their fields to keep pests from eating their crops. These pesticides, however, can have serious, negative effects on other organisms thaat interact with the ecosystem. For that reason, some people have suggested that bringing in predators to eat the pests would be a better soulution than pesticides. a. Explain what affeccts bringing predators in could have on the ecosystem. b. Which level of organisms is most susceptible to extinction. Please support your answer.

1. Billy is stranded on an island. He has unlimited access to water, six chickens, and a few bags of corn. He is considering his options for how to survive on the island until he is rescued. Draw a model of the food web and the trophic pyramid on the island for each of these three options. Option A: Feed all the corn to the chickens and eat their eggs. Trophic Pyramid Food Web Option B: Share the corn with the chickens. Eat their eggs, then eat the chickens when the corn runs out. Food Web Trophic Pyramid Option C: Eat the chickens first, then eat the corn. Food Web Trophic Pyramid

1. Kg is kilograms, a measure of mass. In this ecosystem, which trophic level has most mass? 2. Which trophic level is the original source of food? 4. Which trophic level consumes plants? 5. In this ecosystem, why would the wolf have more mass than the lion?

3. The diagram below represents the feeding relationships between organisms in a terrestrial ecosystem. Use it to answer the following questions: Lion Fox Wild cat Hawk Guate Rabbit Owl Rat Rattle snake Tomato plant a. Classify each organism in the diagram on basis of its role for energy flow in the ecosystem. b. Construct 4 food chains from the diagram, each with not less than four trophic levels c. Assign each organism in the diagram to its appropriate trophic level. d. If the tomato plant produced 10,000 KJ of energy, how much of it will be available to the: i. wildcat ii. hawk c. What two other options have the lion for obtaining energy? Which one is better and why? f. If there was a sudden decrease in the wildcat population, state one possible effect on the population of the: i. rat ii. rabbit iii. lion iv. hawk Page 2 of 3

1. Define biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. Give an example of each. 2. How do ecologists define the term ecosystem? 3. State the competitive exclusion principle. 4. Identify three different types of consumers. Name an example of each type. 5. Describe the role of decomposers in food webs. 6. What is a biogeochemical cycle? Name an example.

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3 Study this diagram of an ecosystem and answer the questions that follow, Figure 5.10 a What is an ecosystem? b Which number refers to a herbivore? Which number refers to a: predator primary consumer, and carnivore? d Does number 2 refer to a herbivore, primary consumer or producer? Suggest a reason for your answer. e Which number refers to an: organism that can influence the ecosystem more than any other organism, and ii an omnivore? What is an omnivore? Briefly describe the changes that may result in the ecosystem if organism 4 is removed from the area.

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm develop and mature. Which of the following sequences correctly describes the anatomical path of spermatozoa from formation to ejaculation? prostate, vas deferens, testes, urethra testes, urethra, prostate, vas deferens prostate, urethra, testes, vas deferens testes, vas deferens, prostate, urethra O O O O

Which of the following is true of trophic relationships in an ecosystem? All energy in the food chain is ultimately transferred to top level carnivores Most of the useable energy transferred between trophic levels is maintained--very little is lost The trophic pyramid predicts that top level carnivores should have the least amount of biomass in an ecosystem Net productivity is typically a measure of over-all photosynthesis in an ecosystem

Which of the following terms identifies the amount of energy available at each trophic feeding level

Which of the following ultimately feeds at every trophic level? Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Decomposers/Detritivores

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7. Describe the variety of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the sublittoral study site (Site C). How can you differentiate them? 8. Draw a diagram of the food chain which you think exist in the shore ecosystem that studied. What will happen if there is an extinction of one of the species especially you the ones at the top of the chain? 9. Based on all the aspects that you have observed, is the shore that you studied is polluted? If yes, what are the steps that could be taken? Give your comments.

please help 3rd part

1. Using the figure below, generate a food chain with four trophic levels, and identify each level

Please can someone help with my biology homewor, simple fill up the chart below

Phytoplankton is an aquatic autotroph. Describe its role in the food web.  refer to picture

2. Simple food chains seldom exist in the ocean. The complex feeding relationships within marine ecosystems are better described as food webs. Whether considering a food chain or a marine food web, the lowest trophic level is occupied by_ a. autotrophs b. carnivores c. herbivores d. decomposers

4. In the table below, list six abiotic factors that impact the distribution and abundance of organisms in terrestrial (land) and aquatic (water) ecosystems. Next, describe how these factors impact either system. Abiotic factors Impacts on terrestrial ecosystems Impacts on aquatic ecosystems

1.What single factor has the greatest effect on how much water a person uses (i.e. how much does one use on a daily or annual basis)?   2.When studying aquatic ecosystems why is it important to understand physical (abiotic) aspects of the environment.

Marine Food Web 1. Identify one food chain: -> 2. Place a circle around the producer. Killer Whale Elephant Seal 3. Place a triangle around the herbivores. Penguin Leopard Seal 4. Place a square around the Squid omnivores. Krill Cod 5. Place a diamond around the carnivores. Zooplankton 6. Identify two predator-prey Phytoplankton relationships:

11. The following is a list of abiotic factors that would have a micro-effect on a tidal pool (rocky pockets of water where the ocean meets the land). Select the one that would have larger, long-term effects if changed.(1 point) rising water depth water chemistry (pH, pollution, etc.) weather (wind, rain, etc.) temperature   9.  A graph of the total number of species found in an area against the percentage of land under protection would show a/an(1 point) exponential correlation. lack of correlation. positive correlation. negative correlation.

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Trophic levels  Part A) In food chains and webs, what trophic level must you have more of than others. Part B) Each trophic level has how much LESS energy? Part C) Can an organism fill more than one trophic level? Explain your answer.

Primary producers Tertiary consumers Secondary consumers Primary consumers and decomposers Which of the following statements is true for different trophic levels in ecosystems? Between 80% and 90% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels. Primary consumers consume less biomass than secondary consumers. Productivity increases with each trophic level. Between 10% and 20% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels. Production of biomass (g/m2/year) 3 30 200 1000