Exam 2 Practice (1)

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Rutgers University *

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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1. In sheep, an allele W results in white wool and is dominant to allele w that results in black wool. In a sample of 900 sheep, 891 are white and 9 are black. Assuming that this population is at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), estimate the number of heterozygous (Ww ) white sheep. a. 18 b. 36 c. 85 d. 160 e. 162 2. Consider a population where individuals either have a CNV with 5, 6, 7, or 8 repeats (ie. 4 different alleles). The frequency of individuals with 5 repeats is 0.2; the frequency of individuals with 6 repeats is 0.3 and the frequency of individuals with 7 repeats is 0.3. What is the frequency of individuals with 8 repeats? a. 0.08 b. 0.09 c. 0.2 d. 0.3 e. 0.35 3. In salamanders, dark body color is due to dominant alleles of a single gene. If 84% of salamanders in a population at HWE have dark bodies, what is the allele frequency of the recessive allele? a. 0.16 b. 0.4 c. 0.6 d. 0.84 e. 0.9165 4. Fifty years ago, the genotype ratios of a particular biallelic gene showed that p 2 = 0.7, q 2 = 0.1 and 2pq = 0.2. If this population was at HWE, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals today? a. 1.66% b. 10% c. 20% d. 44.7% e. 70% 5. The following sequences are from 3 individuals within the same population. What haplotypes are found in these individuals?
TTGC C TC T ACCA G CGGCT TTGC A TC G ACCA T CGGCT TTGC A TC G ACCA G CGGCT a. C, T, A, G b. CTG, AGT, AGG c. CAA, TGG, GTG d. GAC, TCA, TCC e. GTT, ACC, CAC 6. You own a DNA ancestry testing company and have determine the allele frequencies for 3 different SNPs for 3 different reference populations: SNP1 SNP2 SNP3 G C G T A C Ref Pop A 0.35 0.65 0.85 0.15 0.2 0.8 Ref Pop B 0.3 0.7 0.72 0.28 0.75 0.25 Ref Pop C 0.6 0.4 0.38 0.62 0.4 0.6 A customer’s DNA data is as follows: Genotype SNP1 C SNP2 G SNP3 A Considering this as a single haplotype, which population(s) would you assign this customers ancestry? a. Population A. b. Population B c. Population C 7. What is the role of the SRY gene in humans? a. it initiates the X-inactivation process in females b. it is located on the Y-chromosome and causes the Y to pair with the X chromosome during meiosis in males. c. it is located on the Y chromosome and initiates the developmental pathway toward the male phenotype. d. It is located on an autosomal chromosome and represses expression of autosomal genes in order to balance their expression level with genes on the X chromosome e. it is located on the Y chromosome and prevents the formation of Barr bodies in male
8. Blood work from an individual showed the presence of 2 Barr Bodies in some cells, and 1 Barr Body in other cells. This individual also tested positive for the SRY gene. What is the most likely karyotype of this individual? a. XX b. XY c. XXXY D. XXY/XXXY 9. In sweet peas, flower color is controlled by the dominant alleles of two genes, A and B. Plants with A_B_ genotypes produce pink flowers while A_bb or aaB_ genotypes produce white flowers. How can we describe the relationship between these 2 genes? a. Additive b. Recessive epistasis c. Duplicate recessive epistasis d. A is dominant to B e. Duplicate dominant epistasis 10. Pigments in some bears are the result of epistasis between 2 genes. The black coat color is only produced when both wildtype forms of genes D and E are present. When gene D (D_ee) is wildtype alone, offspring are white. When gene E (ddE_) is wildtype alone, offspring are brown. When no wildtype alleles are present (ddee), offspring are all white. If you cross bears that are heterozygous for both loci, what are the expected phenotype ratios of the offspring? a. 9 D_E_: 3D_ee: 3ddE_: 3ddee b . 9 black: 4 white: 3 brown c. 9 black: 4 brown: 3 white d. 2 black: 1 brown: 1 white e. 2 white: 1 black 11. what type of gene interactions does this represent? a. recessive epistasis b. duplicate recessive epistasis c. dominant epistasis d. duplicate dominant epistasis e. one dominant, one recessive epistasis 12. Recombination occurs 16% of the time between genes A and B. The genetic distance between these two genes is: a. these genes are unlinked b. 8 cM c. 16 cM d. 84 cM e. 42 cM
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