Advanced Hardy-Weinberg Practice Problem

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Hardy-Weinberg Practice Problems – 1. A very large population of randomly-mating laboratory mice contains 35% white mice. White coloring is caused by the recessive genotype, "aa". Calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population. A-.41 a-.59 AA-17 Aa-.48 aa-.35 2. The ability to taste PTC is due to a single dominant allele "T". You sampled 215 individuals in biology, and determined that 150 could detect the bitter taste of PTC and 65 could not. Calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population. T-.45 t-.55 TT-.20 Tt-.50 tt-.30 Using the Hardy-Weinberg Equation to Interpret Data and Make Predictions Is Evolution Occurring in a Soybean Population? One way to test whether evolution is occurring in a population is to compare the observed genotype frequencies at a locus with those expected for a non-evolving population based on the Hardy-Weinberg equation. In this exercise, you’ll test whether a soybean population is evolving at a locus with two alleles, C G and C Y , that affect chlorophyll production and hence leaf color. How the Experiment Was Done Students planted soybean seeds and then counted the number of seedlings of each genotype at Day 7 and again at Day 21. Seedlings of each genotype could be distinguished visually because the C G and C Y show incomplete dominance: C G C G seedlings have green leaves, C G C Y seedlings have green-yellow leaves, and C Y C Y seedlings have yellow leaves. Data From the Experiment Number of Seedlings Time (Days) Green C G C G Green-Yellow C G C Y Yellow C Y C Y Total 7 49 111 56 216 21 47 106 20 173 Interpret the Data 1. Use the observed genotype frequencies from Day 7 data to calculate the frequencies of the C G allele ( p ) and the C Y allele ( q ). (Remember that the frequency of an allele in a gene pool is the number of copies of that allele divided by the total number of copies of all alleles at that locus.) C G allele-.48 C Y allele-.52 2. Next, use the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1) to calculate the expected frequencies of genotypes C G C G , C G C Y , and C Y C Y for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. GG-.23 GY-.51 YY-.26 3. Calculate the observed frequencies of genotypes C G C G , C G C Y , and C Y C Y at Day 7. (The observed frequency of a genotype in a gene pool is the number of individuals with that genotype divided by the total number of individuals. Compare these frequencies to the expected frequencies calculated in Step 2. Is the seedling population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at Day 7, or is evolution occurring? Explain your reasoning and identify which genotypes, if any, appear to be selected for or against. The frequencies are the same, No evolution is occurring and no genotype is being selected for 4. Calculate the observed frequencies of genotypes C G C G , C G C Y , and C Y C Y at Day 21. Compare these
frequencies to the expected frequencies calculated in Step 2 and the observed frequencies at day 7. Is the seedling population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at Day 21, or is evolution occurring? Explain your reasoning and identify which genotypes, if any, appear to be selected for or against. The seedling population is not a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There is evolution taking place and the Homozygous recessive is being selected against. 5. Homozygous C Y C Y individuals cannot produce chlorophyll. The ability to photosynthesize becomes more critical as seedlings age and begin to exhaust the supply of food that was stored in the seed from which they emerged. Develop a hypothesis that explains the data for Days 7 and 21. Based on this hypothesis, predict how the frequencies of the C G and C Y alleles will change beyond Day 21. The Soybean population is naturally selecting against homozygous recessive.
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