lab2_EmmanuelLujano

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Phylogenetics Activity Result Worksheet BIO 2060L Section: 5 Your Name: Emmanuel Lujano ACTIVITY: HOW TO BUILD A PHYLOGENETIC TREE Learning Objective: Explain how to prepare and read a phylogenetic tree. 1. Paste your phylogenetic tree with the highlights indicating the branches that are di±erent from the ²ow chart in the Lab Instruction Appendix. 2. Describe the major di±erences between the phylogenetic tree and the ²ow chart. On the Gram-Positive side, a few di±erences were the ²ow chart’s grouping of Bacillus and Lactobacillus on the basis that they are both rod-shaped, hence bacillus. The phylogeny tree prepared shows that this criterion is not enough to warrant their place as sister taxa. The phylogeny tree also posits that the staphylococcus and streptococcus are not close enough to be sister taxa as well, even though the ²ow chart makes the assumption because of the de³ning cocci characteristic. On the Gram-Negative side, the ²ow chart places Citrobacter and Enterobacter as sister taxa on the basis of being Lactose +, while the phylogeny tree posits that the relationship between the two is far more complex. 3. In your opinion, which would be a better tree to represent the evolutionary relationship of microorganisms, the phylogenetic tree OR the ²ow chart (tree). Explain why? I believe that the ²ow chart depicts a much more intuitive interpretation, making it easier to understand the groupings and certain de³ning characteristics. However, for in-depth accuracy based on genetic similarities and di±erences, the tree is able to show the relations between di±erent species on a deeper level that might be more useful to applications and research.
4. Answer the following questions about your phylogenetic tree. Please use the terminology de³ned in the PowerPoint slides. All species names must be written in the binomial nomenclature format. a) Give an example of two species located on proximal branches (sister taxa). i) Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus capitis b) Is there a single outgroup branch (species)? If yes, provide the species name. i) Yes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae c) Nodes are points of species divergence. A resolved node should have only two branches. In your tree, how many resolved nodes do you see? i) 3 d) Polytomies are nodes that are not resolved/unclear. Is there a polytomy in the tree? If yes, provide the names of the species on a polytomy. i) No
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