18. The restriction EcoRI cleaves double-stranded DNA at the sequence 5'-GAATTC-3', the restriction enzyme HindIII cleaves at the sequence 5'-AAGCTT-3', and the restriction enzyme BamHI cleaves at 5'GGATCC-3. An 805 bp circular plasmid is digested with each enzyme individually and then in combination, and the resulting fragment sizes are determined by means of electrophoresis. The results are as follows: Restriction Enzyme(s) Fragment lengths (base pairs) EcoRI 430 bp, 375 bp BamHI 470 bp, 335 bp 805 bp HindIII EcoRI and BamHI EcoRI and HindIII BamHI and HindIII 30 bp, 70 bp, 305 bp, 400 bp 75 bp, 300 bp, 430 bp 105 bp, 230 bp, 470 bp Use the circles below to indicate restriction enzyme cut sites and base pair distances between cut sites. Please use proper units, full enzyme names and designate the total size on your final answer. Practice Final
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
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