GENETICS exam 3 Flashcards _ Quizlet

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12/13/23, 1:38 AM GENETICS exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/791402187/genetics-exam-3-flash-cards/ 1/10 Try the fastest way to create flashcards GENETICS exam 3 Leave the first rating Students also viewed Terms in this set (216) Try Magic Notes and save time Upload notes Unit 6 43 terms tpett82 Preview Genetics 16 terms quizlette36042950 Preview Micro lab ch 24/25 59 terms erin2006ms Preview Biology Cha 32 terms delacruc True or False: Chromosomes are in a condensed form through most of the cell cycle. false Match the following each of the following terms with the correct description Plasma Membrane.. protects nuclear membrane.. dissolves nucleus... contain er... studded cytosol.. jelly like Which of the following is correct Centrioles are responsible for the formation of spindle fibers. At which cell cycle phase does the nuclear membrane break down? Prophase The genetic flow of material between organisms is NOT dependent on which of these criteria? Independent assortment of the genes Learn

12/13/23, 1:38 AM GENETICS exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/791402187/genetics-exam-3-flash-cards/ 2/10 DNA is condensed within the nucleus (cellular compartment) by coiling around ____(1)____ proteins. Modification of these ____(2)____charged proteins alters them to become either neutral or negatively charged. Thus, the interaction with ____(3)____charged DNA is interrupted, and the interactions loosen. 1. histone 2. positively 3. negatively Interphase marks the period of the cell cycle just before active cell division. Label the rest of the cell cycle in order, from 1-5. 1 2 3 4 5 s-phase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase Which of the following is true about anaphase? Chromatids undergo disjunction to travel to opposite poles A chiasma is a point during meiosis at which the non-homologous sister chromatids Intertwine Which of the following statements is correct? Incorrect segregation of X and Y chromosomes (for instance, a female with XXX or X genotype) can produce viable offspring, albeit usually with some problems. True or false: Linked genes are part of the same chromosome. true Consider genes A, B, and C, which are located on a chromosome in that order. If genes A and B cross over 30% of the time, and genes B and C cross over 30% of the time, what is the probability of a double crossover between A B and C? (0.3) * (0.3) = 0.09, 9% chance of this crossover Determination of sex in humans is located on the _(1)_ chromosome, specifically on the __(2)__ gene. 1. Y 2. SRY The sex disorder that exhibits an XXY phenotype is known as ___(1)___. This disorder is found on the __(2)__ sex chromosome 1. Klinefelter syndrome 2. male Indicate whether each of the following statements is True or False. 1. G0 is an actively dividing cell cycle phase. False 2. Cells enter G0 when the environmental conditions are not ideal for survival. True 3. Cells in G0 do not undergo active replication. True 4. When conditions become normal, cells may go back into the cell cycle. True false true true true Learn

12/13/23, 1:38 AM GENETICS exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/791402187/genetics-exam-3-flash-cards/ 3/10 Match each of the following terms with the correct description. Kinetochore spindle fibers centrioloes metaphase plate cyclins flank made cytoplasmic area blind kinases cohesin histones shugoshin phosphorylate protein complex hold DNA protects A fertilized egg that is the result of fusion of two gametes is called a ________. zygote True or False: The primary male gamete is the sperm, and the primary female gamete is the oocyte true Which of the following criteria must be met in order to successfully map genes Enough offspring should be produced to give a representative sample True or False: At fertilization, the phenotype of a male or female is immediately evident. false True or False: At fertilization, the phenotype of a male or female is immediately evident. G0 The X and Y sex chromosomes are known as _______ chromosomes Heteromorphic Why is modification of histone proteins critically important to DNA transcription? Modifications of the histone proteins allow for them to either wrap tightly around DNA or to loosen their grip on DNA. This is very important for transcription because when histones loosen their grip on DNA, it allows access to the transcriptional machinery so that DNA can be transcribed. Conversely, when the histones are tightly wrapped with the DNA, transcription is shut off because the machinery cannot access the DNA within the space True or false: The eggs of a female undergo meiosis I before she is even born, but they undergo meiosis II after fertilization occurs. true Learn

12/13/23, 1:38 AM GENETICS exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/791402187/genetics-exam-3-flash-cards/ 4/10 Pointy ears and knobby knees are dominant genes over round ears and smooth knees. What would be the result of an F1 cross between one homozygous parent for pointy ears and knobby knees and one homozygous for round ears and smooth knees? What would the F2 cross look like if the F1 was bred to F1? If the parents are PPKK x ppkk, then the F1 generation is entirely PpKk and will have pointy ears and knobby knees. The F2 generation will be as follows: 9:3:3:1- 1 round ear, smooth knee; 3 round, knobby; 3 pointy, smooth; 9 pointy, knobby Consider the following 4 independent dominant traits: short, red, glossy, and tall. Use the product law to predict the likelihood of inheriting three of these dominant traits and one recessive trait 3 dominant + 1 recessive = (3/4) (3/4) (3/4) * (1/4) = 27/256 Explain why an individual who is heterozygous for a genetic disorder may go for a very long time as a carrier of that disorder without realizing that they have it? If an individual is heterozygous for a gene that causes a disorder, the gene that expresses the normal allele may compensate and produce proteins in enough quantity that it can function normally. This effect is known as the threshold effect and essentially can go undetected unless that individual produces offspring that inherit the recessive gene for the disorder from both individuals. When the recessive gene from two unaffected individuals are expressed in the offspring, there is no gene activity produced and the phenotype of the disorder is seen. The presence of the ABO antigens on the surface of blood cells is an example of codominance. If a mother is Type AB (AB) and the father is Type A (AO), what are the possible combinations for the child's blood type? Type A (AA or AO), Type B (BO), Type AB (AB) are all possible. In the case of determining the likelihood of inheriting 5 independent alleles, would you use a Punnett square to make these calculations? If not, what would you use instead and why? In determining the likelihood of inheriting 5 independent alleles, you would use the product law because it will make the calculations much simpler than writing out all the many possibilities of 5 different traits in an individual. True or False: A person can only be homozygous or heterozygous for a given gene. True What is the purpose of a testcross, and how is it done? A test cross is used to determine whether a plant that is exhibiting a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait. To do a testcross, the organism with the unknown genotype and dominant phenotype is crossed with a known homozygous organism. A homozygous individual will yield all dominant phenotypes whereas a heterozygous individual will yield a 1:1 mixture of phenotypes. Let us put the testcross to work. The gene for yellow flowers is dominant on our favorite plant. The gene for white flowers is recessive. Our plant has yellow flowers, but we are unsure of its genotype. When we crossbreed our unknown with a plant with white flowers, we get 3 plants with yellow flowers and 3 plants with white flowers. What does that tell us about the genotype of the yellow plant? Draw it out. If the unknown was YY (homozygous), then YY x yy would yield offspring of Yy, Yy, Yy, and Yy - all yellow. If the unknown was Yy (heterozygous), the Yy x yy would yield offspring of Yy, Yy, yy, and yy - half yellow and half white. Therefore, our unknown yellow plant must be heterozygous for the yellow gene (Yy) Learn

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