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Lab 4-Chemical Reactions
Lab Write up: 30 points
Photos: 5 points (upload photos to the end of your lab write-up)
Total: 35 points
Purpose: (1 point) Of Exp#4: To experience chemical reactions through different chemicals. Both
exercises allow you to see a chemical change in appearance and color, also allowing
you to see the chemical effect on foil after a period of time. Tecahes you how to create
a chemical equation through different chemicals
As it relates to CHE 101: In CHE 101 Your supposed to learn the difference between a
chemical reaction and what makes a chemical reaction. Also, you need to know how to
make a chemical equation balanced and through this experiment you can learn about
creating chemical equations.
Exercise 1: Reactivity of Metals
Data Table 1. Observations of Chemical Reactions with Aluminum Foil. (6 points)
Chemical
Start
Time Initial
Appearance
of Chemical
Initial
Appearance
of Foil
Observations
after 5
Minutes
Observations
after 3 hours
Appearance
of Foil after
Rinsing
AgNO
3
4:17
Clear Liquid
Milky with
black spots
forming
It’s now black
and brown. It
looks like it
Dried, solid,
light brown
with black
The water
didn’t wash
away much.
1
Nam
e
Hayden Stull
would be
sticky dots.
The color of
the solution
on the foil
stayed the
same but it
looks as if the
solution ate
through the
foil.
CuSO
4
4:20
Aqua blue
tint
Bubbles
forming,
turning black
It is brown
with dried
bubbles. It
looks to be
solid
Brown, solid
with dried
bubbles
The water
also did not
wash away all
the solution.
Holes have
formed in the
spot of the
CuSO4
CaCl
2
4:22
Clear,
odorless Clear with a
few bubbles at
the bottom
it’s clear and
still in a liquid
state. The
bubbles that
formed
initially are
still present
Clear, solid with dried bubbles.
This solution
pretty much
completely
washed away
leaving just a
faint outline
Pb(NO
3
)
2
4:24
Clear,
odorless Milky white
color
It dried white
with a few
black spots.
The white
portion
almost looks
crystalized.
Gray, solid
with dried
bubbles
The water did
not wash
away the
solution and
it left holes
through the
foil.
Questions
A.
Which of the reactants in Data Table 1
showed evidence of a chemical reaction with the aluminum foil? Use your observations to explain your answer. (2 points)
The reactants that have shown chemical reactions
with the aluminum foil are AgNO3, CuSO4 and Pb(NO3)2. They all changed colors and states in the process. In order to be a chemical reaction they need to change states/ colors and the only one that doesn’t is CaCl2. 2
B.
List the metals found in each of the four reactants in Data Table 1
. Indicate the metal or metals that are more reactive than aluminum. (See Figure 2 for the activity series.) (2 points)
The metals found in the four reactants are Cu(Copper), Ca(Calcium) and Pb(Lead). The only metal That is more reactive than aluminum is Ca(Calcium).
C.
What are the of potential sources error that might cause disagreement between the activity series’ prediction of reactions and your observations of reactions? (2 points)
A potential error that might cause disagreement is not leaving all of the chemicals the same amount of time or starting at different times. Also, another possible source of error could be not properly cleaning the aluminum foil. Another could be not applying enough salt water to the aluminum foil.
D.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between silver nitrate
and aluminum
. What type of reaction is this? (2 points)
3AgNO3+ Al to 3Ag + Al(NO3)3
This is a single replacement.
Exercise 2: Reactions in Solution
Data Table 2. Reaction Observations. (8 points)
Reaction
#
Reactants
Initial Observations of Reactants
Well ID
Immediate Observations
after Mixing
Observations after 1 Hour
Conclusion:
Evidence of
Reaction? 3
Y/N
1
NaHCO
3 + HCl
NaHCO
3
-clear,
colorless liquid
HCl-clear,
colorless liquid
A1
Bubbles in a
clear, colorless
solution
Clear and
bubble-less
N
2
HCl
+
Blue Dye
Blue Dye Dark,
blue liquid HCl
clear, colorless
Liquid
A2
Blue Dye has
more of a
greenish look
when mixed
with HCl
Blue, clear
and bubble-
less
Y
3
Blue Dye
+
NaOCl
+
HCl
Blue Dye Dark,
blue liquid NaOCl
clear, colorless
liquid HCl clear,
colorless liquid
A3
Blue Dye also
turned green
but faster than
reaction #2
Blue, Clear
and bubble-
less
Y
4
NaOCl
+
KI
+
Starch
NaOCl-clear,
colorless liquid Kl-
Clear, colorless
liquid Startch-
Opaque colorless
liquid
A4
Clear, Colorless
solution No
bubbles
Clear and
bubble-less
Y
5
KI
+
Pb(NO
3
)
2
Kl- clear, colorless
liquid Pb(NO3)2-Clear,
colorless liquid
A5
Yellow Milky,
Opaque solution
Yellow.
Heterogenous
, clearly
seperating
Y
6
Pb(NO
3
)
2
+
CaCl
2
Pb(NO3)2-clear,
colorless liquid
CaCl2- clear
colorless liquid
A6
White, milky,
opaque solution White
heterogeneou
s, clearly
separating
Y
7
CaCl
2
+
NaHSO
4
CaCL2-clear
colorless liquid
NaHSO4-clear
colorless liquid
B1
White, milky,
opaque solution White, glue-
like solution
Y
8
NaHSO
4
+
Na
2
CO
3
NaHSO4- clear
colorless liquid
NA2CO3- clear
colorless liquid
B2
Bubbles formed,
clear, colorless
liquid
Clear and
bubble-less
N
9
Na
2
CO
3
+
Phenolpht
halein
Na2CO3- clear
colorless liquid
Phenolphthalein-
clear colorless
liquid
B3
Magenta, clear
liquid
Magenta,
clear and
bubbles in the
middle
Y
10
Phenolpht
Phenolphthalein
B4
Magenta, clear
Magenta,
Y
4
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BIUA
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in blue ink using complete sentences.
1. How is a physical change different from a chemical change?
2. How do you know a chemical reaction has happened?
3. Give an example of a chemical change.
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PCI,(g) 2 PCI;(g) + Cl2(8)
PCI,(g) decomposes into PCI,(g) and Cl,(8)
according to the equation above. A pure sample of
PCI,(g) is placed in a rigid, evacuated 1.00 L
container. The initial pressure of the PCI5(g) is
1.00 atm. The temperature is held constant until
the PCI,(g) reaches equilibrium with its
decomposition products. The figures below
show the initial and equilibrium conditions of the
system.
PCI5
Potal = 1.00 atm
PCI5, PCI3, and CI,
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As the reaction progresses toward equilibrium, the
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(A) increases until it becomes the same as the
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Compare your answers in parts B and C. If your answers to those questions are different, explain why they’re different.
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Meaning/Explanation
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+ or -
Enthalpy AH
Entropy AS"
Free Energy AG"
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O
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element symbols from the periodic table
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letters of their name
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2
W
S
F3
-0+
#
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E
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F5
R
%
5
F
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U
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12345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
||||||||||||||||||I
Drag the slider to see how the molecules move.
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movie?
If a chemical reaction does happen, write a
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П
yes
no
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key
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Consider the combustion of propane (C3H3), shown in the chemical equation below:
1 C3H3 + 502 → 3 CO2 + 4 H,0
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