Ch 14 Head face neck lymp

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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302

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Ch 14 Head, Face, Neck and Regional Lymphatics Review 1.The major neck muscles are: Sternomastoid Trapezius 2. Borders of two regions of the neck: Anterior triangle - lies in front between the sternomastoid and the midline of the body, with its base up along the border of the mandible and its apex down at the suprasternal notch, Posterior triangle - behind the sternomastoid muscle, with the trapezius muscle on the other side with its base along the clavicle below. 3. Facial structures that should appear symmetric when inspecting the head: Eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose and mouth, palpebral fissures, and nasolabial folds. 4. Abnormal characteristics of lymph nodes associated with disease states include: Acute Infection - nodes are bilateral, enlarged, warm, tender, firm not freely moveable. Chronic Inflammation - nodes are clumped Cance r- nodes are hard, unilateral, nontender and fixed. 5. Differentiate caput succedaneum from cephalhematoma in the newborn infant: Caput succedaneum – is an edematous swelling and ecchymosis of the presenting part of the head due to birth trauma. It feels soft and may extend across suture lines but requires no treatment and gradually resolves in a few days.
Cephalhematoma – is a subperiosteal hemorrhage that is soft, fluctuant, and well define over one cranial bone because the periosteum holds the bleeding in place. It is also due to birth trauma and is reabsorbed gradually, over time without treatment. 6. Describe the tonic reflex of an infant: Occurs when supine, the head is turned to one side (extension, of same, arm and leg , flexion of opposite arm and leg). After ages 3-4 months, the head is maintained in the midline. 7. Describe the characteristics of normal cervical lymph nodes during childhood: Feel more prominent than an adults until after puberty, when lymph node tissue begins to atrophy. Palpable nodes less than 3mm are normal, they may be up to 1 cm in size in the cervical and inguinal area but are discrete move easily and are nontender. 8. Conditions associated with parotid gland enlargement: Caused by a blockage of a duct, abscess, tumor, mumps, or AIDS.
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