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Course
476
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by MajorIbexPerson893
1
Assignment 4
Due:
Thursday, 30 November 2023, 23:59 pm
Use Hysys to simulate a vacuum crude column in oil refinery. Stream Vacuum Feed is the
bottom stream from an Atmospheric Crude Column (not part of this simulation). It is
pumped by the pump P-101 and heated in a fired furnace FH-100. To account for the
formation of the cracking gas and liquid in the furnace, as well as air leaks to the column,
calculations of the flow rates of cracking gas, liquids, and leaks is performed in the block
Feed Cracking. Stream S-4 is fed to the vacuum column (Figure 1). This column has the
following products: VC-Ovhd, LVGO (Light Vacuum Gas Oil), HVGO (Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil),
and VC Resid.
Figure 1.
Part of the oil refinery with vacuum furnace and vacuum crude column.
Specifications
Vacuum Feed Assay (adjusted to 1atm)
TBP Distillation Assay
Liq Vol %
T (
°
F)
1
540.4
2
580.8
5
642.8
10
697.0
30
831.8
50
935.7
70
1097.8
90
1298.0
98
1485.4
Cut the assay into individual components using AutoCut. Define a blend and install the
stream Vacuum Feed.
Vacuum Feed:
F
= 41,560 bbld (std id liq vol flow),
T
= 630
◦
F,
P
= 31 psia.
P-101:
Centrifugal Pump. Outlet pressure 140 psia, Adiabatic efficiency 75%.
CHBE 476 Modeling and Optimization in Chemical Engineering
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
The University of British Columbia
Tutorial 1
Monday, 9 September 2019, 4–5:45 pm
Bulk Properties
Bulk density
18 API_60
Molecular Weight
460
2
Furnace FH-100:
Use fired heater. Radiant Zone Inlet: S-1. Radiant Zone Outlet: S-3. Fuel
Streams: Natural Gas. Air Feed in SS Mode: Air. Combustion Product: S-2. Model Selection.
Steady State Model: Simple Fired Heater. Efficiency = 70%.
Natural Gas:
T
= 100
◦
F,
P
= 70 psia, initial flow rate = 3,000 lb/hr. Composition: methane
90 mol%, ethane 10 mol%. Once the simulation converges, adjust the flow rate of this
stream such that the temperature of the stream S-3 = 745
◦
F. Report the flow rate of Natural
Gas required to achieve this temperature.
Air:
T
= 100
◦
F,
P
= 70 psia, initial flow rate = 70,000 lb/hr. Composition: nitrogen 79 mol%,
oxygen 21 mol%. Once the simulation converges, adjust the flow rate of this stream so that
the mole fraction of O2 in S-2 = 0.04. Report the air flow rate needed to achieve this.
The preheated feed composition (stream S-3) is adjusted for cracking in the furnace.
Cracking Corrections and Leaks flow rate:
These calculations are performed in the
calculation block Feed Cracking using the following heuristics:
Cracking gas flow rate:
࠵?
!"#$%&’( *#+
(lb/hr) =
࠵?
,#$--. /001
(barrel/hr)
24 (hr/day)
∙ 0.6
Cracking gas composition (mol/mol): C2 = 0.75, C3 = 0.25
Cracking liquid flow rate:
࠵?
!"#$%&’( 2&3-&1
(lb/hr) =
࠵?
,#$--. /001
(barrel/hr)
1000
∙ 30
Cracking liquid composition (mol/mol): assume n-C11 = 0.5, n-C12 = 0.5 for simplicity.
Leaks flow rate – to account for air leaks to the vacuum column the following formula is
used:
࠵?
20#%+
(lb/hr) = 6
7
࠵?
,#$--. /001
(barrel/hr)
1000
For simplicity, use the Leaks composition (mol/mol) as N2 = 1. Perform the calculation of
the leaks flow rate in the block Feed Cracking, which is also used for the cracking
corrections.
Note
: The mass balance must be preserved—the mass flow rates of streams S-3 and S-4
should be the same (as well as their temperatures). To account for the pressure drop in the
furnace, specify the pressure of the stream S-4 = 4 psia.
Vacuum Column
Absorber (no condenser, no reboiler). Number of stages = 8.
Pressures:
P
top
= 0.155 psia,
P
bottom = 0.425 psia.
3
There are three pumparounds. Positions of feed and product streams, and pumparounds
are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Vacuum crude column details
Vacuum Column Specifications
(a)
Stage 1 temperature: 135
◦
F.
(b)
LVGO-PA rate: 30,000 bbld.
(c)
LVGO overflow: 0.1 lbmole/hr. (Add: Column Liquid Flow. Name: LVGO overflow.
Stage 2. Flow Basis: Molar. Spec Value: 0.1 lbmole/hr.)
(d)
HVGO-PA rate: 50,000 bbld.
(e)
HVGO draw T: 520
◦
F.
(f)
Overflow to flash zone: 0.1 lbmole/hr. (Add: Column Liquid Flow. Name: Overflow to
flash zone. Stage: 6. Flow Basis: Molar. Spec Value: 0.1 lbmole/hr.)
(g)
Vac-Resid PA rate: 5,000 bbld
(h)
Stage 8 temperature: 675
◦
F.
Report (90% quantitative + 10% qualitative)
(a)
(20%) (i) Report the mass flow rates (lb/hr) of Air, Natural Gas and S-3 stream
Explain how you adjusted the Air and Natural Gas flowrates to achieve 0.04 O2 in S-
2 and T = 745 F in S-3. (ii) Provide a snapshot of the Feed Cracking subflowsheet of
the pfd and explain the procedure you used to include the cracking corrections to
obtain stream S-4.
(b)
(10%) Report the D86 T5, T50, and T95 temperatures for all product streams.
(c)
(10%) There are no sidestrippers in the vacuum column. Why?
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4
(d)
(20%) Set the temperature out of the furnace (stream S-3) to 745 (original value)
750, and 755
◦
F and calculate the ratio of the sum of the LVGO and HVGO mass flow
rates and the mass flow rate of the fresh feed. If the goal is to increase this ratio
(since the VGOs are much more valuable than resid), what is your suggestion for the
temperature at which to run the furnace? Are there any counterarguments?
(e)
(30%) Optimize the Air and Natural Gas flowrate to maximize the LVGO and HVGO
product streams. Explain your choice of the objective function, variables, ranges,
and constraints (if any). What is the optimized LVGO and HVGO mass flowrates?
Upload your simulation files to the CHBE 476 Canvas page, before the posted due date and time.
Provide a separate Hysys (.hsc) file as required for each Report section (a)- (e). Provide a pdf file
of your report.
The report should 3-5 pages long and briefly specify the problem statement, questions, and your
complete answers (including the appropriate number of significant digits). Cleary present your
numerical answer with appropriate units and three significant digits for each section, where
appropriate.
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An iron ore was analyzed by dissolving a 1.1324 g
sample in concentrated HCI.
The resulting solution was diluted with water and the
iron (III) was precipitated as the hydrous oxide
Fe,O3.xH,O by the addition of NH3. After filtration and
washing, the residue was ignited at a high temperature
to give 0.5394 g of pure Fe,03 (159.69g/mol).
Calculate (a) % Fe (55.847g/mol) and (b) %
Fe,04(231.54g/mol) in the sample.
•. 28
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What mass of rust (Fe,0,) is formed from 0.330 mole of Fe?
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the tolerance is +y-2%
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