Ethics in Public Health Case Study
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Ethics in Public Health Case Study
TaLayla Badger
The University of Arizona Global Campus
HCA 415: Community & Public Health
Instructor: Samuel Adams
21 November 2023
1 2
Case 4: Black-White Infant Mortality: Disparities, Priorities,
and Social Justice
Have local departments met their ethical obligations when community
health improves overall, but health disparities persist? If not, why not? If
so, on what grounds?
Local health departments have a complex ethical issue when confronted with a
situation wherein the overall health of the community is improving yet health disparities
persist. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in areas that have a historical legacy of
racial inequity and the systematic separation of different racial groups. Engaging in the field
of public health entails a multitude of ethical responsibilities that transcend the basic
provision of people's healthcare needs. Furthermore, the authors (Barrett et al., 2016)
emphasized the significance of addressing and mitigating health inequities. Despite the
observable decrease in mortality rates among black children in this specific case, the
persistence of the issue suggests the existence of unresolved ethical concerns that require
proper recognition and remediation.
Is there something about infant mortality that makes it special in
considerations
of fairness? If so, what is it?
1 3
There exists a notable gap in infant mortality rates between African American and
white infants in the United States, which cannot be solely attributed to individual risk factors.
Research on social determinants has proven that disparities in health outcomes may be
attributed to a combination of community and environmental factors. Among these factors,
community-level variables have been identified as potential contributors to these disparities
(Matoba & Collins, 2017). African-born babies had double the infant mortality rate than
European-born babies due to racism. Educational programs and information sharing have
proven effective in closing these gaps. March of Dimes works to reduce congenital
malformations and premature births. Prenatal care and smoking and other behavior
education are essential. The CDC's "Healthy Start" campaign promotes equal access to
high-quality healthcare to improve birth outcomes and infant mortality. Various activities are
being made to reduce inequities and raise awareness.
Should the role of race and racism in infant mortality shape priority
setting and
the allocation of resources in public health? If so, why?
The inclusion of race and racism as significant factors in the assessment of public
health aims and resource allocation is of utmost importance, particularly when addressing the
disparities in newborn death rates across different racial groups. Throughout the course of
human history, the concept of race has been employed to prove divisions between those that
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