Copy of Boyle’s and Avogadro’s Law Lab

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Saddleback College *

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120

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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7

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Boyle’s and Avogadro’s Law Lab The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and volume of a confined gas. The gas we use will be air, and it will be confined in a syringe connected to a Gas Pressure Sensor (see Figure 1). When the volume of the syringe is changed by moving the piston, a change occurs in the pressure exerted by the confined gas. This pressure change will be monitored using a Gas Pressure Sensor. It is assumed that temperature will be constant throughout the experiment. Pressure and volume data pairs will be collected during this experiment and then analyzed. From the data and graph, you should be able to determine what kind of mathematical relationship exists between the pressure and volume of the confined gas. Historically, this relationship was first established by Robert Boyle in 1662 and has since been known as Boyle’s law. OBJECTIVES Use a Gas Pressure Sensor and a gas syringe to measure the pressure of an air sample at several different volumes. Determine the relationship between pressure and volume of the gas. Describe the relationship between gas pressure and volume in a mathematical equation. Use the results to predict the pressure at other volumes. Figure 1 MATERIALS LabQuest LabQuest App Gas Pressure Sensor 20 mL gas syringe PROCEDURES P RESSURE AND V OLUME - B OYLE 1. Prepare the Gas Pressure Sensor and an air sample for data collection. Chemistry with Vernier © Vernier Software & Technology 1
a. Connect the Gas Pressure Sensor to LabQuest and choose New from the File menu. b. With the 20 mL syringe disconnected from the Gas Pressure Sensor, move the piston of the syringe until the front edge of the inside black ring (indicated by the arrow in Figure 1) is positioned at the 10.0 mL mark. c. CAREFULLY attach the 20 mL syringe to the valve of the Gas Pressure Sensor. d. From here on out, only hold the syringe, not the Gas Pressure Sensor. 2. Set up the data-collection mode on the LabQuest. a. On the Meter screen, tap Mode. Change the mode to Events with Entry. b. Enter the Name (Volume) and Units (mL). Select OK c. On LoggerPro go to Experiment, Data Collection, Mode, “Events with Entry”, and type in Volume for the name. 3. To obtain the best data possible, you will need to correct the volume readings from the syringe. Look at the syringe; its scale reports its own internal volume. However, that volume is not the total volume of trapped air in your system since there is a little bit of space inside the pressure sensor. To account for the extra volume in the system, you will need to add 0.8 mL to your syringe readings . For example, with a 5.0 mL syringe volume, the total volume would be 5.8 mL. It is this total volume that you will need for the analysis. 4. You are now ready to collect pressure and volume data. It is easiest if one person takes care of the gas syringe and another enters volumes. a. Start data collection. b. Move the piston so the front edge of the inside black ring (see Figure 2) is positioned at the 5.0 mL line on the syringe. Hold the piston firmly in this position until the pressure value displayed on the screen stabilizes. c. Tap Keep and enter 5.8 , the gas volume (in mL) on the screen. Remember, you are adding 0.8 mL to the volume of the syringe for the total volume. Select OK to store this pressure-volume data pair. Figure 2 d. Continue this procedure using syringe volumes of 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 mL. e. ***Make sure to add the .8 ml to each reading f. Stop data collection. 2 Chemistry with Vernier
5. When data collection is complete, a graph of pressure vs . volume will be displayed. To examine the data pairs on the displayed graph, tap any data point. As you tap each data point, the pressure and volume values are displayed to the right of the graph. Record the pressure and volume data values in your data table. 6. Based on the graph of pressure vs . volume, decide what kind of mathematical relationship exists between these two variables, direct or inverse. To see if you made the right choice: a. Choose Curve Fit from the Analyze menu. b. Select Power as the Fit Equation. The curve fit statistics for these two data columns are displayed for the equation in the form y = Ax ^ B where x is volume, y is pressure, A is a proportionality constant, and B is the exponent of x (volume) in this equation. Note : The relationship between pressure and volume can be determined from the value and sign of the exponent, B . c. If you have correctly determined the mathematical relationship, the regression line should very nearly fit the points on the graph (that is, pass through or near the plotted points). d. Select OK. 7. (optional) If directed by your instructor, proceed directly to the Extension that follows Processing the Data. DATA AND CALCULATIONS This table is meant to give you room to record your constants for all levels. Volume (mL) Pressure (kPa) Constant, k (P / V or P • V) 5.8 158.726302528 920 10.8 91.7098722879 990 13.3 70.0193834752 931 15.8 62.3894443403 985 18.3 56.1600369493 1027.728 20.8 49.5479490537 1036.8176 Chemistry with Vernier 3
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