Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th_29th (Workshop 2)
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Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2)
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Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2)
Due: 12:00am on Monday, December 12, 2022
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Exercise 2.33 - Enhanced - with Feedback and Hints
MISSED THIS?
Read Section 2.3 (Page) ; Watch KCV 2.3
.
The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride is 1.21:1. A sample of sodium fluoride produced 29.7 of sodium upon decomposition.
Part A
How much fluorine (in grams) was formed? Express your answer to three significant figures.
Hint 1. Identify the fraction representing the mass ratio
To find the mass of fluorine formed in the decomposition of the sample, use the the given mass ratio as a conversion factor. Identify the fraction represented by a
1.21:1 mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Correct
To find the mass of fluorine formed in the decomposition, use the given mass ratio as a conversion factor. The mass ratio equates 1.21 grams of sodium for every
1 gram of fluorine. To convert the given mass of sodium ( ) to grams of fluorine, use dimensional analysis. Align the masses of sodium and fluorine so that
grams of sodium cancel, leaving only the desired units of grams of fluorine.
Exercise 2.46 - Enhanced - with Feedback and Hints
MISSED THIS?
Read the section 2.4 (Page) .
Part A
How many electrons are necessary to produce a charge of -1.1 ? Express your answer using two significant figures.
Hint 1. Identify the charge of a single electron
To calculate the number of electrons necessary to produce a charge of -1.1 , first you must identify the charge of a single
electron.
ANSWER:
=
24.5
8/30/22, 12:33 PM
Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2)
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2/28
ANSWER:
Correct
The number of electrons necessary to produce a particular charge is determined by dividing the charge by the fundamental charge per electron. A single electron
does not have a charge of 1 , but rather .
Part B
What is the mass of this many electrons? Express your answer using two significant figures.
Hint 1. Identify the mass of a single electron
To determine the mass of the electrons from Part A, identify the mass of a single electron.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
All attempts used; correct answer displayed
The mass of a group of electrons can be determined by multiplying the number of electrons by the mass of an electron.
Exercise 2.42 - Enhanced - with Feedback
MISSED THIS?
Read Section 2.5 (Page) .
Part A
Classify the following statements as consistent or
inconsistent with Rutherford's nuclear theory as it was originally stated.
ANSWER:
=
6.9×10
18
=
6.3×10
−9
8/30/22, 12:33 PM
Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2)
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All attempts used; correct answer displayed
Although Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom was a significant advance in the development of descriptions of atomic structure, it left many questions unanswered
such as how to account for the total mass of an atom. The existence and characterization of the proton and the neutron at a later date answered many of these
questions. However, the list of particles that make up the nucleus is very large and continues to grow as new particles are characterized by current experiments in
atomic physics.
Part B
Complete the sentences to explain your answers.
ANSWER:
Answer Requested
According to Rutherford’s nuclear theory,
1. most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core called the nucleus;
2. most of the volume of the atom is empty space, throughout which tiny, negatively charged electrons are dispersed; and
3. there are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as there are positively charged particles (named protons) within the nucleus, so that
the atom is electrically neutral.
Rutherford’s nuclear theory was a success and is still valid today. The revolutionary part of this theory is the idea that matter is much less uniform than it appears.
Reset
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the same as
mass
empty space
negatively charged
positively charged
more than
dense
less than
particles
According to Rutherford's nuclear theory, the core of an atom (nucleus) contains most of the mass
of an atom and is positively charged
, so the majority of the mass of a fluorine atom cannot be due
to its nine electrons.
According to Rutherford's nuclear theory, the number of negatively charged particles outside the
nucleus is the same as
the number of positively charged particles within the nucleus, so a nitrogen
atom has 7 protons and 7 electrons, while a phosphorous atom cannot have 15 protons and 150
electrons.
According to Rutherford's nuclear theory, most of the volume of an atom is empty space
, so the
volume of a hydrogen atom cannot be mostly due to the proton.
A nitrogen atom has seven protons in
its nucleus and seven electrons
outside of its nucleus.
Since electrons are smaller than
protons, and since a hydrogen atom
contains only one proton and one
electron, it must follow that the volume
of a hydrogen atom is mostly due to
the proton.
A phosphorus atom has 15 protons in
its nucleus and 150 electrons outside
of its nucleus.
The majority of the mass of a fluorine
atom is due to its nine electrons.
Consistent
Inconsistent
8/30/22, 12:33 PM
Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2)
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Exercise 2.48 - Enhanced - with Feedback
MISSED THIS?
Read Section 2.4 (Page) , 2.5 (Page) .
Part A
Which of the following statements about subatomic particles are true, and which are false?
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
ANSWER:
Correct
Protons and neutrons are about the same size and are present in the nuclei of atoms. Electrons orbit the nucleus and have a negative charge, as opposed to the
positive charge of protons.
Exercise 2.52 - Enhanced - with Feedback
MISSED THIS?
Read Section 2.6 (Page) ; Watch KCV 2.6 .
Enter isotopic symbols of the form for each isotope.
Part A
the magnesium isotope with 14 neutrons
Express your answer as an isotope.
ANSWER:
Correct
Isotopes use the notation , where is the chemical symbol or name, is the atomic number, and is the mass number. The mass number is the sum of the
number of protons and the number of neutrons. The number of neutrons in an isotope is therefore the difference between the mass number and the atomic
number (
), so the value of can be calculated as follows:
The magnesium isotope with 14 neutrons is .
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Help
Protons have about the same mass as
neutrons.
Protons and electrons have charges
of the same magnitude but opposite
sign.
Protons and neutrons have charges of
the same magnitude but opposite
sign.
Some atoms don't have any protons.
True
False
8/30/22, 12:33 PM
Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2)
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Part B
the copper isotope with 36 neutrons
Express your answer as an isotope.
ANSWER:
Correct
The number of neutrons in an isotope is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number (
). The value of can be calculated as follows:
The copper isotope with 36 neutrons is .
Part C
the aluminum isotope with 15 neutrons
Express your answer as an isotope.
ANSWER:
Correct
The number of neutrons in an isotope is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number (
). The value of can be calculated as follows:
The aluminum isotope with 15 neutrons is .
Part D
the iodine isotope with 74 neutrons
Express your answer as an isotope.
ANSWER:
Correct
The number of neutrons in an isotope is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number (
). The value of can be calculated as follows:
The aluminum isotope with 74 neutrons is .
Exercise 2.53 - Enhanced - with Feedback and Hints
MISSED THIS?
Read Section 2.6 (Page) ; Watch KCV 2.6
, IWE 2.3
.
Determine the number of protons and neutrons in each of the following isotopes.
Part A
Express your answers as integers. Enter your answers separated by a comma.
Hint 1. Determine the meaning of the numbers in isotope notation
To find the number of protons and neutrons using the chemical symbol (
, , , or ), determine what the meaning of the numbers in isotope
notation is. Recall that the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, and the mass of the nucleus is determined by the total numbers of protons and neutrons.
ANSWER:
8/30/22, 12:33 PM
Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2)
https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11146317
6/28
Correct
The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. What makes an atom unique is the number of protons, which is called the atomic number. The atomic
number, therefore, has to be specified in the notation for isotopes.
Since the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, its mass is the sum of masses of protons and neutrons. Therefore, the mass number of an isotope
should be greater than or equal to the atomic number.
In almost all isotopes, the upper value is greater than the lower one. Therefore, is the mass number
, and is the atomic number
.
ANSWER:
Correct
Protons are charged particles that compose the nucleus and provide its positive charge. The number of protons corresponds to the atomic number of the atom.
The atomic number of the atom appears to the lower left of the atomic symbol. Therefore, the number of protons in is
Neutrons are neutrally charged particles that together with protons provide the mass of the nucleus. The mass number of a nucleus is the sum of the number
of protons and the number of neutrons. The mass number appears to the upper left of the atomic symbol. Therefore, the number of neutrons in is
Part B
Express your answers as integers. Enter your answers separated by a comma.
Hint 1. Determine the meaning of the numbers in isotope notation
To find the number of protons and neutrons using the chemical symbol (
, , , or ), determine what the meaning of the numbers in isotope
notation is. Recall that the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, and the mass of the nucleus is determined by the total numbers of protons and neutrons.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
, where is mass number and is atomic number
, where is mass number and is number of neutrons
, where is atomic number and is mass number
, where is number of neutrons and is atomic number
, =
7,7
protons, neutrons
, where is atomic number and is mass number
, where is mass number and is number of neutrons
, where is number of neutrons and is atomic number
, where is mass number and is atomic number
, =
12,13
protons, neutrons
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2) A vertical column of elements in the Periodic Table is known as a:
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Activity series of metals
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+ K* (aq) +e
K(s)
Ca(s) → Ca²+(aq) + 2e
Na(s) + Na* (aq) + e¯
Mg(s) → Mg²+(aq) + 2e¯
ea
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Al(s) → Al³+ (aq) + 3e¯
Mn(s) → Mn²+(aq) + 2e
→ Zn²+(aq) + 2e
pols
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Zn(s)
+ Cr*+ (aq) + 3e
Fe2+ (aq) + 3e
+ Ni²+ (aq) + 2e
+ Sn2+ (aq) + 2e
Cr(s)
Fe(s)
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H2 (g) + 2H+ (aq) + 2e
Cu(s) → Cu²+(aq) + 2e
Ag(s) → Ag+(ag) + e
Au(s) → Au3+ (a) + 3e
Least reactive
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II Review | Constants | Periodic
In plants, potassium is needed for metabolic.
processes including the regulation of plant
growth. Potassium (K) is required by plants for
protein synthesis, photosynthesis, enzymes, and
ionic balance. Potassium-deficient potato plants
may show purple or brown spots and plant, root,
and seed growth is reduced. John has noticed
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If John's potato farm has an area of 30.5 hectares, how many pounds of fertilizer does John need to use?
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Complete each statement or answer each question below about the solutions
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The coordination complex causing the orange solution causes a larger splitting
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O yellow solution.
What color light does the…
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Diagram
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Element
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(ii) Table 1 shows the atomic numbers and melting points of the elements in
group 7.
group 7
atomic number
melting point (°C)
fluorine
9.
-220
chlorine
17
-101
bromine
35
-7
iodine
53
114
astatine
85
302
Table 1
Explain why the melting point increases as the atomic number increases.
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Looking For =
g Ca (OH)2
(3.0M)X2.5 L)
mol= 7.5 mol CaloH )2
M= mol
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Calx40.08 = 40.08
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7.5 mol CaloH)z 57.09 gCa(ott)428.189
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Hydrogen in
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150 → 15N + e+ + v
15N + 'H 1?C+ He
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--
Using the ideal equation of state
A reaction between liquid reactants takes place at 4.0 °C in a sealed, evacuated vessel with a measured volume of 35.0 L.
Measurements show that the reaction produced 31. g of carbon monoxide gas.
Calculate the pressure of carbon monoxide gas in the reaction vessel after the reaction. You may ignore the volume of the
liquid reactants. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
pressure: atm
Explanation
Check
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In the following reaction, what is the change is ionic charge of the copper ion to solid copper?
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) --> ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A. -2 to 0
B. +2 to 0
C. 0 to -2
D. 0 to +2
E. No change
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Potentially Useful Information
Spectrochemical Series:
I < Br < SCN < Cl` < NO3¯ < F° < OH° < C2O4² ~ H2O <
NCS“ < NH3 < en < PPH3
A student has three test tubes containing a metal (M) nitrate solution M(NO3)2 (aq)
(where "M" represents a generic transition metal). The student adds aqueous
ammonia (NH3) to one test tube, aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCI) to the second tube,
and nothing more to the third tube, but forgets to label the tubes. After this, one
test tube contains a red solution, one an orange solution, and one a yellow solution.
Note: This metal, M, would follow the same rules that we used for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II).
The Jahn-Teller Effect does not apply.
Complete each statement or answer each question below about the solutions
in the three test tubes.
The coordination complex formed by adding HCI to the metal solution has a
coordination number of...
O 3
2
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4)
write the balanced Molecular, Complete ionic
net jonic equations
following
Peactions.
a) sr(OH)₂ (aq) + HNO3(aq) ->
b) potassium phosphate Reacts with a
Solution
for
the
and
Calcium nitrak
ab/c
X.O.T
CATALOG P
4
SHIFT
ALLOCK
ALPHA
List U U Mat
1
0
CAPTURE M CUP
7
5 2
F
alm
2
F+
SPACE
Mat V
8
N
EX
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Potentially Useful Information
Spectrochemical Series:
I < Br < SCN < Cl° < NO3¯ < F° < OH° < C2O4² ~ H2O <
NCS" < NH3 < en < PPH3
A student has three test tubes containing a metal (M) nitrate solution M(NO3)2 (aq)
(where "M" represents a generic transition metal). The student adds aqueous
ammonia (NH3) to one test tube, aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCI) to the second tube,
and nothing more to the third tube, but forgets to label the tubes. After this, one
test tube contains a red solution, one an orange solution, and one a yellow solution.
Note: This metal, M, would follow the same rules that we used for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II).
The Jahn-Teller Effect does not apply.
Complete each statement or answer each question below about the solutions
in the three test tubes.
The red solution contains a coordination complex with...
O ammonia (NH3) as the ligand.
chloride ion (CI') as the ligand.
nitrate ion (N03°) as the ligand.
water (H20) as the ligand.
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