Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th_29th (Workshop 2)

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8/30/22, 12:33 PM Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2) https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11146317 1/28 Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2) Due: 12:00am on Monday, December 12, 2022 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Exercise 2.33 - Enhanced - with Feedback and Hints MISSED THIS? Read Section 2.3 (Page) ; Watch KCV 2.3 . The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride is 1.21:1. A sample of sodium fluoride produced 29.7 of sodium upon decomposition. Part A How much fluorine (in grams) was formed? Express your answer to three significant figures. Hint 1. Identify the fraction representing the mass ratio To find the mass of fluorine formed in the decomposition of the sample, use the the given mass ratio as a conversion factor. Identify the fraction represented by a 1.21:1 mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride. ANSWER: ANSWER: Correct To find the mass of fluorine formed in the decomposition, use the given mass ratio as a conversion factor. The mass ratio equates 1.21 grams of sodium for every 1 gram of fluorine. To convert the given mass of sodium ( ) to grams of fluorine, use dimensional analysis. Align the masses of sodium and fluorine so that grams of sodium cancel, leaving only the desired units of grams of fluorine. Exercise 2.46 - Enhanced - with Feedback and Hints MISSED THIS? Read the section 2.4 (Page) . Part A How many electrons are necessary to produce a charge of -1.1 ? Express your answer using two significant figures. Hint 1. Identify the charge of a single electron To calculate the number of electrons necessary to produce a charge of -1.1 , first you must identify the charge of a single electron. ANSWER: = 24.5
8/30/22, 12:33 PM Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2) https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11146317 2/28 ANSWER: Correct The number of electrons necessary to produce a particular charge is determined by dividing the charge by the fundamental charge per electron. A single electron does not have a charge of 1 , but rather . Part B What is the mass of this many electrons? Express your answer using two significant figures. Hint 1. Identify the mass of a single electron To determine the mass of the electrons from Part A, identify the mass of a single electron. ANSWER: ANSWER: All attempts used; correct answer displayed The mass of a group of electrons can be determined by multiplying the number of electrons by the mass of an electron. Exercise 2.42 - Enhanced - with Feedback MISSED THIS? Read Section 2.5 (Page) . Part A Classify the following statements as consistent or inconsistent with Rutherford's nuclear theory as it was originally stated. ANSWER: = 6.9×10 18 = 6.3×10 −9
8/30/22, 12:33 PM Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2) https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11146317 3/28 All attempts used; correct answer displayed Although Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom was a significant advance in the development of descriptions of atomic structure, it left many questions unanswered such as how to account for the total mass of an atom. The existence and characterization of the proton and the neutron at a later date answered many of these questions. However, the list of particles that make up the nucleus is very large and continues to grow as new particles are characterized by current experiments in atomic physics. Part B Complete the sentences to explain your answers. ANSWER: Answer Requested According to Rutherford’s nuclear theory, 1. most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core called the nucleus; 2. most of the volume of the atom is empty space, throughout which tiny, negatively charged electrons are dispersed; and 3. there are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as there are positively charged particles (named protons) within the nucleus, so that the atom is electrically neutral. Rutherford’s nuclear theory was a success and is still valid today. The revolutionary part of this theory is the idea that matter is much less uniform than it appears. Reset Help Reset Help the same as mass empty space negatively charged positively charged more than dense less than particles According to Rutherford's nuclear theory, the core of an atom (nucleus) contains most of the mass of an atom and is positively charged , so the majority of the mass of a fluorine atom cannot be due to its nine electrons. According to Rutherford's nuclear theory, the number of negatively charged particles outside the nucleus is the same as the number of positively charged particles within the nucleus, so a nitrogen atom has 7 protons and 7 electrons, while a phosphorous atom cannot have 15 protons and 150 electrons. According to Rutherford's nuclear theory, most of the volume of an atom is empty space , so the volume of a hydrogen atom cannot be mostly due to the proton. A nitrogen atom has seven protons in its nucleus and seven electrons outside of its nucleus. Since electrons are smaller than protons, and since a hydrogen atom contains only one proton and one electron, it must follow that the volume of a hydrogen atom is mostly due to the proton. A phosphorus atom has 15 protons in its nucleus and 150 electrons outside of its nucleus. The majority of the mass of a fluorine atom is due to its nine electrons. Consistent Inconsistent
8/30/22, 12:33 PM Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2) https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11146317 4/28 Exercise 2.48 - Enhanced - with Feedback MISSED THIS? Read Section 2.4 (Page) , 2.5 (Page) . Part A Which of the following statements about subatomic particles are true, and which are false? Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. ANSWER: Correct Protons and neutrons are about the same size and are present in the nuclei of atoms. Electrons orbit the nucleus and have a negative charge, as opposed to the positive charge of protons. Exercise 2.52 - Enhanced - with Feedback MISSED THIS? Read Section 2.6 (Page) ; Watch KCV 2.6 . Enter isotopic symbols of the form for each isotope. Part A the magnesium isotope with 14 neutrons Express your answer as an isotope. ANSWER: Correct Isotopes use the notation , where is the chemical symbol or name, is the atomic number, and is the mass number. The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons. The number of neutrons in an isotope is therefore the difference between the mass number and the atomic number ( ), so the value of can be calculated as follows: The magnesium isotope with 14 neutrons is . Reset Help Protons have about the same mass as neutrons. Protons and electrons have charges of the same magnitude but opposite sign. Protons and neutrons have charges of the same magnitude but opposite sign. Some atoms don't have any protons. True False
8/30/22, 12:33 PM Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2) https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11146317 5/28 Part B the copper isotope with 36 neutrons Express your answer as an isotope. ANSWER: Correct The number of neutrons in an isotope is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number ( ). The value of can be calculated as follows: The copper isotope with 36 neutrons is . Part C the aluminum isotope with 15 neutrons Express your answer as an isotope. ANSWER: Correct The number of neutrons in an isotope is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number ( ). The value of can be calculated as follows: The aluminum isotope with 15 neutrons is . Part D the iodine isotope with 74 neutrons Express your answer as an isotope. ANSWER: Correct The number of neutrons in an isotope is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number ( ). The value of can be calculated as follows: The aluminum isotope with 74 neutrons is . Exercise 2.53 - Enhanced - with Feedback and Hints MISSED THIS? Read Section 2.6 (Page) ; Watch KCV 2.6 , IWE 2.3 . Determine the number of protons and neutrons in each of the following isotopes. Part A Express your answers as integers. Enter your answers separated by a comma. Hint 1. Determine the meaning of the numbers in isotope notation To find the number of protons and neutrons using the chemical symbol ( , , , or ), determine what the meaning of the numbers in isotope notation is. Recall that the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, and the mass of the nucleus is determined by the total numbers of protons and neutrons. ANSWER:
8/30/22, 12:33 PM Atoms, Isotopes & Ions; The Periodic Table - August 28th/29th (Workshop 2) https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11146317 6/28 Correct The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. What makes an atom unique is the number of protons, which is called the atomic number. The atomic number, therefore, has to be specified in the notation for isotopes. Since the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, its mass is the sum of masses of protons and neutrons. Therefore, the mass number of an isotope should be greater than or equal to the atomic number. In almost all isotopes, the upper value is greater than the lower one. Therefore, is the mass number , and is the atomic number . ANSWER: Correct Protons are charged particles that compose the nucleus and provide its positive charge. The number of protons corresponds to the atomic number of the atom. The atomic number of the atom appears to the lower left of the atomic symbol. Therefore, the number of protons in is Neutrons are neutrally charged particles that together with protons provide the mass of the nucleus. The mass number of a nucleus is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons. The mass number appears to the upper left of the atomic symbol. Therefore, the number of neutrons in is Part B Express your answers as integers. Enter your answers separated by a comma. Hint 1. Determine the meaning of the numbers in isotope notation To find the number of protons and neutrons using the chemical symbol ( , , , or ), determine what the meaning of the numbers in isotope notation is. Recall that the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, and the mass of the nucleus is determined by the total numbers of protons and neutrons. ANSWER: ANSWER: , where is mass number and is atomic number , where is mass number and is number of neutrons , where is atomic number and is mass number , where is number of neutrons and is atomic number , = 7,7 protons, neutrons , where is atomic number and is mass number , where is mass number and is number of neutrons , where is number of neutrons and is atomic number , where is mass number and is atomic number , = 12,13 protons, neutrons
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