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School
Coastline Community College *
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Course
110
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
6
Uploaded by PresidentDovePerson826
Vanessa Madrigal
Professor Mohammad Shahin
Chemistry 110
March 12, 2024
Dry Activity/ Experiment: Density and Buoyancy
Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment is to look at different techniques to measure volume.
The first technique is the dimensional calculation and the second technique is water
displacement. Another purpose is to calculate and record densities (for solids and liquids) as well
as using density to differentiate samples.
Methodology
Part one: I will choose a cylindrical object (stir rod)and record the mass in grams. Then, I will
measure the height and the diameter. After I have my measurements, I will calculate the volume,
surface area and density of the cylindrical object. Then I will choose a second cylindrical object
and repeat all these steps to find the measurements and calculations.
Part two: One the web, I will open a link that will take me to a simulation lab. In this simulation
lab, I will measure 5 random objects. I will first weigh the objects individually on a balance to
find the mass. Then I will find the volume of each object by placing each one in a pool, but first I
must read the volume of the water in the pool before placing the object inside. Then I will
determine the change in water height by using volume displacement. Lastly, I will calculate the
density for each object.
Part three: First I must obtain rubbing alcohol, table salt, and water. Then I will take a 10mL
graduated cylinder and record the weight on an electronic balance in grams. Next, I will prepare
0.50g of table salt. Once prepared, I will take the table salt and add it to the graduated cylinder.
After that I will add 5m; of water to the graduated cylinder and I will record the volume. Then I
will swirl the cylinder to mix the solution. Then I will record the mass of the cylinder with the
salt solution in grams on the balance. Once I finish, I will clean the graduated cylinder and repeat
these steps for water and rubbing alcohol. I will record the volume and mass with 5mL of
rubbing alcohol in the graduated cylinder. Lastly, I will measure the mass and volume with 5mL
of water also.
To achieve the experiments purpose:
I will practice using the different techniques to measure volume in both part one and part two of
the lab. I will be using dimensional calculations for two objects that I choose. I will also
calculate the density for the objects. In part two, I will practice water displacement by recording
the initial volume and final volume. I will also practice how to calculate density in part two. I
will also measure different plastic samples in this experiment.
Pre-lab Questions:
1.Two different liquids, X and Y, have densities of 0.781 g/mL and 0.127 g/mL respectively.
When the liquids are combined, one liquid floats atop the other. Which liquid is the top layer?
-
Liquids with a higher density will sink to the bottom, so since liquid X has a higher
density, liquid Y will form the top layer.
2.Why must the level of liquid in a graduated cylinder be measured by viewing it parallel to the
liquid level?
-
If you view it from the top, the measurement may appear lower and viewing it from the
bottom may make the measurement seem higher, so viewing it from parallel to the liquid
will avoid this error.
3.What is the mass of an 18 cm cube of iron if the density of iron is 7.87 g/cm3?
Given:
Density of iron = 7.87 g/cm^3
18 cm cube
Step 1:
Volume of a cube = a^3
Volume of iron cube =18 cm ^ 3 = 5832 cm^3
Step 2:
Density = mass/volume
→
7.87 g/cm^3 / 5832 cm^3 = 45897.8 grams
4.An empty graduated cylinder has a mass of 30.760 g. 50.0 mL of an unknown liquid are added
and the mass increases to 72.810 g.
What is the density of the unknown liquid?
Given:
Empty cylinder = 30.760 g
50.0 mL added to cylinder
Mass increased to 72.810
Step 1:
mass of liquid = total mass
–
mass of empty cylinder
71.810 g
–
30.760 g = 42.050 g
Step 2:
density of liquid = mass/volume
42.050 g / 50.0 mL = 0.841 g/mL
5.
A. Under Hazardous Identification, what are the red words directly listed after Warning?
-
Summarize the “Warning” paragraph.The red words are flammable liquid and vapor. This
means that if you inhale IPA it can cause dizziness. It can also irritate your eyes and lungs
and damage your lungs if it is inhaled. If used on the skin too frequently it can cause
irritation cracking and dryness.
B. What are the target organs that IPA effects?
-
IPA targets the central nervous system, respiratory system, the eyes and the skin.
C. Under First Aid Measures, what should you do if you get IPA in your eyes?
-
If you get IPA in your eyes, you must flush out your eyes with lots of water for at least 15
mins and seek medical aid.
D. Under Exposure Controls, Personal Protection, what is the appropriate PPE when
working with IPA?
-
When working with IPA, you must wear goggles for the eyes, protective gloves for the
skin to prevent skin exposure, and appropriate clothing to prevent skin exposure.
E. Under Handling and Storage, under Storage, where should you store IPA?
-
You should store IPA away from ignition, in a tight closed container. Also, keep it away
from any oxidizing material and store it somewhere cool and dry.
F. Under Physical and Chemical Properties, what is the Boiling point, appearance,
molecular weight, and Specific Gravity/Density of IPA?
-
The Boiling point of IPA is 82 degrees Celsius. The appearance is colorless. The
molecular
weight is 60.69. The specific gravity/density is 0.785
Results
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Discussion
Analysis
:
The point of the lab was to practice calculating volume and density when the mass and
diameter is obtained for solids. I was able to calculate the density and volume while using
measuring techniques such as the balance and ruler. Also, before placing the object in the water,
I had to record the initial volume of water, so I can practice volume by displacement. This helped
me achieve the purpose because I was doing change in volume calculations as well as volume
and density for irregular solids. Lastly, practicing measurements for cylinders + solution is
important because I can observe the difference in mass once the volume is added to the cylinder.
Post-lab Questions
1.Lead is a common metal that used to be extensively used in fishing as a weighted sinker to
bring bait and hooks lower in the water.
-Its use has since been limited because it is toxic when eaten by fish and other animals.What
properties of lead made it appealing for this use in fishing? Lead helps to conceal the fishing line,
so fish are less likely to see it.It’s also inexpensive material and not many materials are denser
than lead.
2.An unknown, rectangular substance measures 3.30 cm high, 4.31 cm long, and 1.15 cm wide.
If
the mass is 21.5 g, what is this substance’s density (in grams per milliliter)?
3.30cm x 4.31cm x 1.15cm = 16.36 cm^3
Mass= 21.5 g
Density= mass/volume
→
21.5g/16.36cm^3= 1.31g/cm^3
3. One environmental factor that can alter the density of substances is a substantial change in
temperature. How do you think, for a given material, the density might change from solid,
going to a liquid then to the gas phase? Explain your reasoning.
-From a solid to a liquid and to a gas, the density is decreased. The relationship between the
two is proportional (temperature & density). When temperature increases or decreases, the
volume changes and therefore the density changes directly due to the change of volume
4. A student was given an unknown metal.The student determined that the mass of the metal
was 50.2 g.
The student placed the metal in a graduated cylinder filled with 20.0 mL of
Water. The metal increased the volume of water to 27.1 mL.
Calculate the density of the metal and determine the identity of the metal using the table below.
Volume = 27.1mL
–
20.0mL = 7.1mL
Density = mass/volume
→
mass = 50.2 g
→
50.2g/7.1mL = 7.07 g/mL
The identity of the unknown metal matches most to Zinc which is 7.4
5.Find the volume of a solid that has a mass of 165 g and a density of 8.2 g/mL.
Volume = mass/density
→
mass = 165g & density = 8.2 g/mL
165g/8.2 g/mL = 20.12 mL
6.
Find the mass of a mineral that has a known density of 2.8 g/cm3 and a volume of 24 cm3 .
Mass = Density x Volume
Density = 2.8 g/cm^3
& Volume = 24cm^3
Mass = 2.8 g/cm^3
X 24cm^3 = 67.2 g
7. A full tank of gas has a volume of 15 gallons. The density of gasoline is 0.796 g/mL What is
the mass of a tank of gas?
(1 L = 0.264 gallons)
15 gal x 1 L
= 56.89
→
56.89 L x 1000mL
= 56.89
0.264 gal
L
1 L
56.89mL x 0.796 g/mL = 45.28 g
8. Why does ice float?
-
Ice floats because it has low density and it has lower density than water.
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