Measurement and Significant Figure Lab
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School
Coastline Community College *
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Course
110
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by PresidentDovePerson826
Vanessa Madrigal
Professor Mohammad Shahin
Chemistry 110
March 12, 2024
Experiment: Measurements and Significant Figures
Design
Purpose:
The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate the terms and concepts I have learned into an
experiment of measurement and significant figures.
Methodology
: Through four parts of this lab, I will be measuring length and area, temperature,
mass, and volume of the respective items.
Pre-Lab Questions:
1.What are the standard SI Units for length or distance? For mass? For volume?
-
Length(meter[m]); Mass (kilogram [kg]); Volume (cubed meter [m^3])
2. How is the final digit in a measurement established?
- The final digit in a measurement is typically an estimated number depending on the tool
utilized.
3.Identify the SI prefix for:
a.One millionth: nano
b.Billion x: giga
c.Thousand x: kilo
d.One/hundredth: centi
4.Find the number of significant digits in the following values:
a.3005 g: 4 significant digits
b.41,024.0 kg: 5 significant digits
c.1.020 m: 4 significant digits
d.0.000125 mm: 3 significant digits
Results
Observations:
Discussion
Analysis
: In each part of this lab, I have conducted an experiment to determine length, area,
volume and mass. By using the contents from the lab kit, I used a ruler to measure a test tube, stir
rod, and magnet bar. The length of those objects in centimeters, millimeters, meters, cubed
centimeters and squared centimeters were found. Moreover, the temperature of room temperature
and iced water was determined with degrees Celsius.
Post Lab Questions
1. Why is the sum of the masses of the five pennies different than the mass of the 5 pennies
together?
-
The sum of the masses of the pennies is different from the pennies together because of
measurement distribution and the scale's uncertainty.
2. How would you find the volume of a single penny? Why not just add one penny to the
graduated cylinder?
-
The volume of a single penny is found by multiplying its radius by itself, multiplying that
number by pi, then multiplying the result by the penny’s estimated thickness.
3. Each of the dimension measurements in the volume and surface area calculation have
measuring
uncertainty. How do you think the uncertainty in the value of the volume should compare to the
individual
dimension (length, width or height) uncertainties? Explain.
-
I believe that the uncertainty in the value of the volume is equal to the uncertainty of all
dimensions of length, width and height.
4. For a chemical transformation that releases heat (exothermic), the temperature of the system
rises. For an endothermic process, the temperature decreases. Categorize the dissolution of
MgSO4 and NH4Cl as either endothermic, exothermic or neither.
a.
MgSO4
‐
exothermic
b.
NH4Cl
‐
endothermic
5. The mass of a beaker is measured four times with the following results: 89.896 g, 90.003 g,
90.010 g and 89.943 g. What is the average mass of the beaker?
-
The average mass of the beaker is 89.963
6. If a cylinder weighs 51.421g when empty and 56.697 g when ethyl alcohol is added, what is
the
mass of the ethyl alcohol?
-
The mass of the ethyl alcohol is 5.276
7. Find the answers to the following problems, making sure to include the correct units:
a.
756.0 g/ 1475 cm3=512 kg/m3
b.
12.5 m x 7.532 m x 5.8 m= 545.4 m
c.
8.645 cm - 0.56 cm = 8.09 cm
d.
33.62 g + 1.375 g + 100.1 g = 136.1 g / 0.633 mL= 5037.925 mL
e.
6.31-3.12 g/5.47 x 10^1 mL= 3.19 g/54.7 mL= 58.3mL
f.
3.189 g/1.635-1.002mL=3.189 g/0.633 mL= 5037.915 mL
8. Indicate the number of significant figures in each of the following values and write the value
in scientific notation: Value Significant figures Scientific notation
a.
0.0000723: 3 sig figs, 7.23 x 10^5
b.
0.0502: 3 sig figs, 5.02 x 10^-2
c.
40700: 3 sig figs, 4.07 x 10^4
d.
500.105: 6 sig fig, 5.00105 x 10^2
9.
A. cm x (100/254 = inches)
B. 30.54 x (100/254) = 3054/254
C .30.54 x (100/254) = 12 3/127
D. 30.54 x (100/254) = 12.02 in
E. 30.54 centimeters is 12.01 inches.
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10. Convert 82.87 mg to grams.
A. 82.87 mg / 1000 = 0.08287 g
B.82.87 milligrams is 0.08287 grams.
11. In the picture below, record the data as the photos instructs to the nearest possible value.
a.
21.5 mL
b.
6.6 mL
c.
84 mL
d.
Surface area: 150 cm
Volume: 125 cm3
Related Documents
Related Questions
Part 3: Calculate density of a metal an unknown metal.
1. Using the pictures below, record the displayed data in the data table in the report sheet. Make sure to include the right
number of significant figures in the measurements and calculations.
Mass measurement
7.1 g
Volume of water
measurement. There's
only one measurement
here – the larger image
is for magnification
only.
-20
15 m
Volume of water and
metal measurement.
There's only one
measurement here – the
larger image is for
magnification only.
20 m
15
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Part B
Gather all of your pennies dated before 1982. Then follow the steps to complete the table. Include units as necessary.
Record the number of pennies dated before 1982.
Weigh (as a group) the pennies dated before 1982. Record the total mass. If you’re unfamiliar with using an electronic balance, watch this video before continuing.
Calculate and record the average mass of a single penny. If you need help with the calculation, visit the averaging data section of the math review.
number of pennies: 8
combined mass of the pennies (g): 49.2
average mass of a penny (g): 5.525
Part C
Now gather all of your pennies dated after 1982. Complete the table for the post-1982 pennies using the same steps from part B.
number of pennies: 9
combined mass of the pennies (g): 51.7
average mass of a penny (g): 5.744
Part D In parts B and C, you measured the average mass of each group of pennies. Now you’ll measure their volume. (For this part, assume that the pennies dated before and after…
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Part B
Gather all of your pennies dated before 1982. Then follow the steps to complete the table. Include units as necessary.
Record the number of pennies dated before 1982.
Weigh (as a group) the pennies dated before 1982. Record the total mass. If you’re unfamiliar with using an electronic balance, watch this video before continuing.
Calculate and record the average mass of a single penny. If you need help with the calculation, visit the averaging data section of the math review.
number of pennies: 8
combined mass of the pennies (g): 49.2
average mass of a penny (g): 5.525
Part C
Now gather all of your pennies dated after 1982. Complete the table for the post-1982 pennies using the same steps from part B.
number of pennies: 9
combined mass of the pennies (g): 51.7
average mass of a penny (g): 5.744
Part D In parts B and C, you measured the average mass of each group of pennies. Now you’ll measure their volume. (For this part, assume that the pennies dated before and after…
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2. Calculate the circumference. Diameter of watch glass was 10.2cm
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Expressing Errors in Measurement:
Scientists often express their uncertainty and error in measurement by giving
a percent error. The percent error is defined as:
% error
actual value - measured value
x 100
actual value
Answer the following four questions. Pay attention to significant figures, and show
your work!
1. While doing a lab, a student found the density of a piece of pure aluminum to be 2.85
g/cm°. The accepted value for the density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³. What was the
student's percent error?
22.70
26
Demystifying Scientific Data: RET 2006, Rev 2
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What are the answers for the following questions?
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Need help answering all these questions
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For each of these problems, set up the calculation as described in your worksheet, using the
proper conversion factor(s), and give the answer with the appropriate units and number of
significant figures. Use scientific notation where appropriate.
1. Convert 5.89 inches into centimeters.
arrow_forward
2. For this question you'll need to perform calculations for the data listed
below. Imagine you performed the same set of measurements as the
instructor did in the video using a 10-mL graduated cylinder. Be sure
to show your calculations on this sheet.
density of water 0.995124 g/ml
mass of empty flask
mass of flask + water
24.3165 g,
34.3175 g.
44.1982 g.
54.1597 g.
64.1712 g.
74.2704 g.
84.2420 g.
94.6730 g.
103.9727 g.
114.7728 g
15.5552 g
(10 runs)
a. Calculate the mean volume of water for the graduated cylinder data
above.
b. Calculate the standard deviation for the volume of water for the
graduated cylinder data typed up above on this page.
c. Calculate the standard error for the volume of water for the graduated
cylinder data typed up above on this page.
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Fill up the missing data
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Leaming Goal:
To learn how to round an answer to the correct number of significant
figures.
Multiplication and division
When multiplying or dividing, the final answer is rounded to the same number of significant figures as the measured number with the fewest significant figures.
When we report a measurement in science, we are careful to report only
digits known with certainty, plus a final digit that is recognized to be
uncertain. We call this set of digits significant figures. Often, these numbers
are used in calculations. When we use a calculator, the calculator does not
automatically account for significant figures, so we have to do so ourselves.
There are some basic rules for handling significant figures in calculations as
shown in the table and outlined to the right.
Addition and subtraction
When adding or subtracting, the final answer is rounded to the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as the measured number with the fewest digits to the right of
the decimal…
arrow_forward
4. When you get your 5th correct answer, you will get a certificate that you can share with your
teacher letting your teacher know how you did. Please provide a screenshot of your certificate
showing you got this completed.
DATA
Part B: Measuring the Mass of Materials
Top Loading Balance
Mass
Empty Beaker (g)
Mass of Beaker + Paper Clips (g)
Mass of Paper Clips (g)
Analytical Balance
Mass of Empty Beaker (g)
Mass of Beaker + Paper Clips (g)
Mass of Paper Clips (g)
DATA ANALYSIS:
1. Show your calculation for the mass of paper clips using the top-loading and analytical balances.
2. Which of the balances, top-loading or analytical, has the most uncertainty per measurement?
Explain.
Page 10 of 14
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please help with all the parts in this question, it is practice so I want to have all the parts to study
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CHE 100-Lab 1 - Measurement
Background Reference:
Openstax - Chemistry, Atoms First, 2e
Section 1.4 - measurement units, derived units, density, water displacement
method
Section 1.5 - measurement uncertainty, number of digits
Chemlibre - Basics of GOB Chemistry (Ball)
Section 1.5-measurement uncertainty, number of digits
Chem Libre - Chemistry for Allied Health (Soult)
Section 1.2-measurement uncertainty, number of digits
CHE100 Video Tutorials
Measurement units, measurement uncertainty and "every digit is certain, except
for the last one" rule.
Materials Needed:
Electronic balance, beakers (10,50,250 mL), graduated cylinder (100 mL), volumetric flask (50
cylinders.
mL), water, household item that will sink in water and fit in one of the beakers or graduated
Procedure:
1. Water density (different quantities of water)
a. Determine the mass (grams) and volume (mL) of a sample of water using each
type of glassware below. For the volume measurement, report the values with
the correct…
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No need to explain. Just give the answers directly. Thank you.
1. Round off 1.274 to one (1) significant figure
2. Round off 1653 to one (1) significant figure
3. Round off 534.5 to three (3) significant figures
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An electric current of 155.0 mA flows for 42.0 minutes. Calculate the amount of electric charge transported..
Be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol and 3 significant digits.
0
x10
μ
0 9
X
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55. Round the number on the left to the number of significant
figures indicated by the example in the first row. (Use
scientific notation as needed to avoid ambiguity.)
Rounded to
Rounded to
Rounded to
4 Significant 2 Significant 1 Significant
Figures
Number
Figures
Figure
1.45815
1.458
1.5
8.32466
84.57225
132.5512
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Convert 75 miles into meters. (Use the conversion 1.0 km = 0.621 miles and use metric conversions for the rest of the conversions).
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It was still incorrect please solve it again.
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Why should the selected rule(s) be followed?
Weighing wet items will cause the displayed mass to be greater than the actual mass of the object.
A residue left on the balance will contaminate the balance pan surface and anything that comes into contact with it
afterwards.
Objects at any temperature other than room temperature can create air currents which can affect the balance pan,
causing the measured mass to be higher or lower than the true mass.
There may be discrepancies in accuracy between individual balances.
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Question 40- (PLEASE LOOK AT THE ATTACHED IMAGES TO SOLVE FOR THIS QUESTION, Also, PLease show your work and explain your answer so I can understand going forward.)
Report the following volume measurement to the correct number of significant figures. (LOOK AT ATTACHED IMAGES TO SOLVE THIS QUESTION)
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3
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(SHOW CALCULATIONS) The mass of a sample is 8.2 x 10-2 milligrams. Express that mass in kilograms with the proper number of significant figures. In your calculations, be sure to show the conversion factor.
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PART 3
A Volumetric Flask
+ A
С —
ALI50
SOA
A 50-mL volumetric flask measures a volume of 50.00 mL. In this experiment, we want to show that
this is true. 50.00 mL is the actual volume measured by this volumetric flask.
EXPERIMENT:
The mass of an empty volumetric flask is measured.
Then water is added to the volumetric flask and the meniscus is adjusted to be at the correct
level.
Then the mass of the volumetric flask and the water is measured.
Finally, the temperature of the water in the volumetric flask is measured.
RESULTS:
Mass of empty volumetric flask = 37.04 g
Mass of volumetric flask and water = 86.83 g
Temperature of the water in the volumetric flask = 23°C
4
Densities of water at different temperatures:
Density of Water at Different Temperatures
(g/cm)
Temp, °C
Density
Temp, °C
Density
Temp, °C
Density
18
0.99862
21
0.99802
24
0.99733
19
0.99844
22
0.99780
25
0.99708
20
0.99823
23
0.99757
26
0.99681
(a) Using the mass of the water measured and the density of the water,…
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Complete the following addition/subtraction calculations. Report your final
answer to the correct number of significant figures and units.
14.62 g+ 0.1338 g
359.6+56.07 - 1088
367.2580 g - 80.4 g
VI.
Complete the following calculations. Report your final answer to the correct
number of significant figures and units.
6.8 cm x 0.290 cm
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- Part 3: Calculate density of a metal an unknown metal. 1. Using the pictures below, record the displayed data in the data table in the report sheet. Make sure to include the right number of significant figures in the measurements and calculations. Mass measurement 7.1 g Volume of water measurement. There's only one measurement here – the larger image is for magnification only. -20 15 m Volume of water and metal measurement. There's only one measurement here – the larger image is for magnification only. 20 m 15arrow_forwardPart B Gather all of your pennies dated before 1982. Then follow the steps to complete the table. Include units as necessary. Record the number of pennies dated before 1982. Weigh (as a group) the pennies dated before 1982. Record the total mass. If you’re unfamiliar with using an electronic balance, watch this video before continuing. Calculate and record the average mass of a single penny. If you need help with the calculation, visit the averaging data section of the math review. number of pennies: 8 combined mass of the pennies (g): 49.2 average mass of a penny (g): 5.525 Part C Now gather all of your pennies dated after 1982. Complete the table for the post-1982 pennies using the same steps from part B. number of pennies: 9 combined mass of the pennies (g): 51.7 average mass of a penny (g): 5.744 Part D In parts B and C, you measured the average mass of each group of pennies. Now you’ll measure their volume. (For this part, assume that the pennies dated before and after…arrow_forwardPart B Gather all of your pennies dated before 1982. Then follow the steps to complete the table. Include units as necessary. Record the number of pennies dated before 1982. Weigh (as a group) the pennies dated before 1982. Record the total mass. If you’re unfamiliar with using an electronic balance, watch this video before continuing. Calculate and record the average mass of a single penny. If you need help with the calculation, visit the averaging data section of the math review. number of pennies: 8 combined mass of the pennies (g): 49.2 average mass of a penny (g): 5.525 Part C Now gather all of your pennies dated after 1982. Complete the table for the post-1982 pennies using the same steps from part B. number of pennies: 9 combined mass of the pennies (g): 51.7 average mass of a penny (g): 5.744 Part D In parts B and C, you measured the average mass of each group of pennies. Now you’ll measure their volume. (For this part, assume that the pennies dated before and after…arrow_forward
- 2. Calculate the circumference. Diameter of watch glass was 10.2cmarrow_forwardExpressing Errors in Measurement: Scientists often express their uncertainty and error in measurement by giving a percent error. The percent error is defined as: % error actual value - measured value x 100 actual value Answer the following four questions. Pay attention to significant figures, and show your work! 1. While doing a lab, a student found the density of a piece of pure aluminum to be 2.85 g/cm°. The accepted value for the density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³. What was the student's percent error? 22.70 26 Demystifying Scientific Data: RET 2006, Rev 2arrow_forwardWhat are the answers for the following questions?arrow_forward
- Need help answering all these questionsarrow_forwardFor each of these problems, set up the calculation as described in your worksheet, using the proper conversion factor(s), and give the answer with the appropriate units and number of significant figures. Use scientific notation where appropriate. 1. Convert 5.89 inches into centimeters.arrow_forward2. For this question you'll need to perform calculations for the data listed below. Imagine you performed the same set of measurements as the instructor did in the video using a 10-mL graduated cylinder. Be sure to show your calculations on this sheet. density of water 0.995124 g/ml mass of empty flask mass of flask + water 24.3165 g, 34.3175 g. 44.1982 g. 54.1597 g. 64.1712 g. 74.2704 g. 84.2420 g. 94.6730 g. 103.9727 g. 114.7728 g 15.5552 g (10 runs) a. Calculate the mean volume of water for the graduated cylinder data above. b. Calculate the standard deviation for the volume of water for the graduated cylinder data typed up above on this page. c. Calculate the standard error for the volume of water for the graduated cylinder data typed up above on this page.arrow_forward
- Fill up the missing dataarrow_forwardLeaming Goal: To learn how to round an answer to the correct number of significant figures. Multiplication and division When multiplying or dividing, the final answer is rounded to the same number of significant figures as the measured number with the fewest significant figures. When we report a measurement in science, we are careful to report only digits known with certainty, plus a final digit that is recognized to be uncertain. We call this set of digits significant figures. Often, these numbers are used in calculations. When we use a calculator, the calculator does not automatically account for significant figures, so we have to do so ourselves. There are some basic rules for handling significant figures in calculations as shown in the table and outlined to the right. Addition and subtraction When adding or subtracting, the final answer is rounded to the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as the measured number with the fewest digits to the right of the decimal…arrow_forward4. When you get your 5th correct answer, you will get a certificate that you can share with your teacher letting your teacher know how you did. Please provide a screenshot of your certificate showing you got this completed. DATA Part B: Measuring the Mass of Materials Top Loading Balance Mass Empty Beaker (g) Mass of Beaker + Paper Clips (g) Mass of Paper Clips (g) Analytical Balance Mass of Empty Beaker (g) Mass of Beaker + Paper Clips (g) Mass of Paper Clips (g) DATA ANALYSIS: 1. Show your calculation for the mass of paper clips using the top-loading and analytical balances. 2. Which of the balances, top-loading or analytical, has the most uncertainty per measurement? Explain. Page 10 of 14arrow_forward
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