2020_transcribed_NV_scibowl_finals

pdf

School

Massachusetts Institute of Technology *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by GrandRiver13243

NSB PRACTICE SETS TOSS-UP 1) Energy – Multiple Choice SLAC National Accelerator Lab scientists are studying the electrocyclic reactions that C 6 H 8 can undergo. Which of the following could NOT be the identity of this molecule? W) 1,3-cyclohexadiene X) 1,4-cyclohexadiene Y) 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene Z) Hex-3-ene-1-yne ANSWER: Y) 1,3,5-CYCLOHEXATRIENE BONUS 1) Energy – Short Answer Department of Energy-supported researchers are studying nitrogenase enzymes. What two metals are most commonly used to allow these enzymes to function? ANSWER: MOLYBDENUM AND IRON ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 2) Physics – Short Answer Consider two parallel current-carrying wires that are exerting a magnetic force on one another. If the current in each wire were tripled, by what factor would the force be multiplied? ANSWER: 9 BONUS 2) Physics – Short Answer Vince is flying in his spaceship when he notices a 15-kilogram probe experiencing an apparent 30-newton force in the same direction that he's traveling. He then notices that his ship's thrusters are on, causing his spaceship to accelerate forward at 3 meters per second squared. In newtons, what's the magnitude of the true net force acting upon the probe? ANSWER: 75 NSB practice sets Page 1

TOSS-UP 3) Math – Multiple Choice Consider the polynomial equation: . 12𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 + 18 = 0 According to the rational root theorem, which of the following is NOT a possible rational root of this equation: W) -9 X) 1/9 Y) 9 Z) -9/2 ANSWER: X) 1/9 BONUS 3) Math – Short Answer The perimeters of two squares differ by 16 inches, and their areas differ by 92 square inches. What's the perimeter in inches of the larger square? ANSWER: 54 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 4) Biology – Short Answer What type of enzyme facilitates joining of DNA fragments whose phosphodiester bonds have been broken by nucleases? ANSWER: DNA LIGASE BONUS 4) Biology – Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true of temperate phages: 1) They can replicate via the lytic cycle; 2) They can replicate via the lysogenic cycle; 3) They can form a prophage. ANSWER: ALL OF THEM NSB practice sets Page 2

TOSS-UP 5) Chemistry – Short Answer A sample of an ideal gas has a volume of one liter when its pressure is 10 atmospheres. What will its volume be in liters when the pressure is reduced to 4 atmospheres? ANSWER: 2.5 BONUS 5) Chemistry – Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding lattice energy? W) Lattice energy is a measure of the energy contained in the crystal lattice of a compound X) Lattice energy can be represented using a modified form of Coulomb’s law Y) Lattice energy of a compound can be found by measuring the energy change involved in the synthesis of the compound from gaseous ions of the component elements Z) Sodium fluoride has a greater lattice energy than magnesium oxide ANSWER: Z) SODIUM FLUORIDE HAS A GREATER LATTICE ENERGY THAN MAGNESIUM OXIDE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 6) Earth and Space – Short Answer To two significant figures, if a star's magnitude decreases by one unit, by what number has its brightness been multiplied? ANSWER: 2.5 BONUS 6) Earth and Space – Short Answer Identify all of the following 3 minerals that are tectosilicates, or framework silicates: 1) Quartz; 2) Amphibole; 3) Garnet. ANSWER: 1 ONLY NSB practice sets Page 3

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

TOSS-UP 7) Energy – Short Answer Researchers at Brookhaven National Lab are using the STAR detector to track particles in collisions of heavy nuclei. What phase of matter involving particles of subunit charge is formed when these nuclei collide at high energies? ANSWER: QUARK-GLUON PLASMA BONUS 7) Physics – Short Answer What effect is observed when a potential difference across a conductor causes a current flow perpendicular to the direction of an applied magnetic field, resulting in an induced electric field? ANSWER: HALL EFFECT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 8) Math – Short Answer A pair of 12-sided dice, each with the numbers 1 through 12 printed on the faces, is rolled. What's the probability that the two numbers rolled are different? ANSWER: 11/12 BONUS 8) Math – Short Answer In the expansion of the cube of the binomial: 2A - 3B, what is the coefficient of the A squared B term? ANSWER: -36 NSB practice sets Page 4

TOSS-UP 9) Earth and Space – Multiple Choice Which of the following rock composition changes could not describe a magma that is cooling and undergoing differentiation? W) Peridotite to gabbro X) Peridotite to diorite Y) Granite to gabbro Z) Diorite to granite ANSWER: Y) GRANITE TO GABBRO BONUS 9) Earth and Space – Short Answer In the Norwegian cyclone model, cold-type and warm-type are classes of what type of front? ANSWER: OCCLUDED ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 10) Biology – Short Answer Aside from ATP, what other high-energy intermediate is produced through glycolysis? ANSWER: NADH BONUS 10) Biology – Multiple Choice Jan is choosing a type of microscopy to resolve objects in her sample that are 0.2 nanometers apart. Which of the following types of microscopes should she use? W) Differential interference contrast X) Fluorescence Y) Transmission electron Z) Super-resolution ANSWER: Y) TRANSMISSION ELECTRON NSB practice sets Page 5

TOSS-UP 11) Physics – Short Answer PET, or Positron Emission Tomography, is a type of imaging that relies on two gamma rays being emitted in opposite directions. This is generated through what process? ANSWER: ANNIHILATION BONUS 11) Physics – Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true of the work done by a conservative force: 1) Work is independent of the path taken; 2) Work is sometimes irreversible; 3) If an object returns to its starting point, the total work done is zero. ANSWER: 1 AND 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 12) Chemistry – Short Answer What's the IUPAC name for the simplest alkyne? ANSWER: ETHYNE BONUS 12) Chemistry – Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true of the heat capacity for all ideal gasses: 1) Heat capacity is independent of temperature; 2) A diatomic ideal gas will have a higher heat capacity than a monatomic ideal gas; 3) CP is higher than CV. ANSWER: ALL OF THEM NSB practice sets Page 6

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

TOSS-UP 13) Biology – Short Answer What nematode commonly used as a model organism is characterized by occurrence of exactly 131 instances of apoptosis during its development? ANSWER: C. ELEGANS BONUS 13) Biology – Short Answer If a tall pea plant with purple flowers is crossed with a short pea plant with white flowers, and it is assumed that purple flower color is dominant to white flower color and tall height is dominant to short height, what is the probability that their offspring will be tall plants with white flowers? ANSWER: 3/16 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 14) Energy – Short Answer Scientists at Oak Ridge National Lab are using neutron scattering to study the structure of long, filamentous structures that compose most of the fungal body. What's the term for these structures? ANSWER: HYPHAE BONUS 14) Energy – Multiple Choice Researchers at Fermilab have recently been studying weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. These hypothetical particles are leading candidates for which of the following? W) Superconductor charge carriers X) Dark matter particles Y) Neutrino decay products Z) Gravitational field excitations ANSWER: X) DARK MATTER PARTICLES NSB practice sets Page 7

TOSS-UP 15) Earth and Space – Multiple Choice A star is burning neon. As a result, which of the following elements is this star most likely to be producing? W) Helium X) Magnesium Y) Iron Z) Carbon ANSWER: X) MAGNESIUM BONUS 15) Earth and Space – Short Answer Sometimes the two different stars in a binary system cannot be resolved, but the light emitted by the system has two obviously different spectra superimposed. What's the term for this type of binary system? ANSWER: SPECTRUM BINARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 16) Physics – Multiple Choice Which of the following conditions could describe an unstable equilibrium but not a stable equilibrium? W) The potential energy is zero X) The first derivative of potential energy with position is zero Y) The second derivative of potential energy with respect to position is positive Z) The second derivative of potential energy with respect to position is negative ANSWER: Z) THE SECOND DERIVATIVE OF POTENTIAL ENERGY WITH RESPECT TO POSITION IS NEGATIVE BONUS 16) Physics – Short Answer Follow a hollow pipe that is open on one end and closed on the other. The second overtone will have a frequency that is what multiple of the fundamental frequency? ANSWER: 5 NSB practice sets Page 8

TOSS-UP 17) Chemistry – Short Answer What molecule is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid? ANSWER: CO2 BONUS 17) Chemistry – Short Answer You empirically determine the mass percent of carbon in a pure sample is 80% plus or minus 10%. Identify all of the following three molecules that satisfy this condition: 1) C2H6; 2) C3H8; 3) C6H6. ANSWER: 1 AND 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 18) Math – Short Answer What is the partial derivative with respect to Y of the expression: X to 5th, Y to 8th? ANSWER: 8X^5, Y^7 BONUS 18) Math – Short Answer What's the polynomial with least degree, real coefficients and leading coefficient one that has (-7, -9i) as a zero? ANSWER: X^2 + 14X + 130 NSB practice sets Page 9

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

TOSS-UP 19) Biology – Short Answer Damaged organelles can be broken down in vesicles through what lysosomal process? ANSWER: AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS BONUS 19) Biology – Short Answer In the Hershey-Chase experiment, sulfur-35 was used to label the proteins in bacteriophages. Into which two amino acids were these labels incorporated? ANSWER: CYSTEINE AND METHIONINE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 20) Chemistry – Short Answer What's the electrochemical quantity used to measure the tendency of a substance to gain electrons? ANSWER: REDUCTION POTENTIAL BONUS 20) Chemistry – Multiple Choice Which of the following is the reason why BCl3 cannot dimerize to form B2Cl6 but AlCl3 can dimerize to form Al2Cl6? W) Chlorine is not capable of forming three center, two electron bonds with boron X) Boron does not possess d-electrons to participate in bonding, but aluminum does Y) Boron does not have enough valence electrons to form four bonds, but aluminum does Z) Boron’s small atomic radius does not allow it to accommodate the chlorine atoms ANSWER: Z) BORON’S SMALL ATOMIC RADIUS DOES NOT ALLOW IT TO ACCOMMODATE THE CHLORINE ATOMS NSB practice sets Page 10

TOSS-UP 21) Earth and Space – Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes why gasses like hydrogen and helium can escape Earth's atmosphere while gasses like oxygen and nitrogen do not? W) Hydrogen and helium are primarily produced in the upper atmosphere X) Hydrogen and helium have a higher average velocity Y) Hydrogen and helium are less abundant in the atmosphere Z) Hydrogen and helium are not involved in as much biogeochemical reactions ANSWER: X) HYDROGEN AND HELIUM HAVE A HIGHER AVERAGE VELOCITY BONUS 21) Earth and Space – Multiple Choice Changes in which of the following properties are responsible for most major seismic wave discontinuities in the Earth's interior? W) Pressure X) Temperature Y) Mineral phase Z) Convection velocity ANSWER: Y) MINERAL PHASE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TOSS-UP 22) Math – Short Answer What is the area of a triangle with vertices at the three points with coordinates (1,4), (1,7) and (9,8)? ANSWER: 12 BONUS 22) Math – Short Answer Four 10-sided dice, each with the numbers 1 through 10 printed on the face, are rolled. What is the probability that at least two of the numbers rolled are the same? ANSWER: 62/125 NSB practice sets Page 11

TOSS-UP 23) Physics – Multiple Choice Which of the following is the best description of bremsstrahlung? W) Splitting of atomic energy levels in the presence of a magnetic field X) Radiation emitted due to the deceleration of charged particles Y) State of matter compared of bosons cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero Z) Random motion of particles suspended in a medium ANSWER: X) RADIATION EMITTED DUE TO THE DECELERATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES BONUS 23) Physics – Short Answer Rank the following three materials at standard temperature and pressure in order of increasing dielectric constant: 1) Air; 2) Liquid benzene; 3) Glass. ANSWER: 1, 2, 3 NSB practice sets Page 12

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version