Module 1 Density of Solids

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Lone Star College System, ?Montgomery *

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2423

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Module 1; Density of Solids Directions: Answer all questions in this text document. Submit your document to be graded. You may print out this document, then hand write and scan. OR you can word process directly on this document. Introduction Density is the mass of an object per unit volume. It is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume: density (d) = mass (m) volume (V) A large density means that lots of material is packed into a small space. The metals known as “heavy metals” are actually just more dense than other metals. For example, the density of gold at 25°C is 19.32 g/cm 3 , while that of copper is 8.96 g/cm 3 . In other words, a 1 cm 3 block of gold (one of the heavy metals) weighs 19.32 g, while a 1 cm 3 block of copper weighs 8.96 g. Every substance has a characteristic density, so density can be used to determine identify substances or establish purity. Density is constant at a given temperature; hence, the need to report temperature when you report density. Some densities are given in Table 2.1. Density can also be used to determine measurements that are too difficult to make directly. For example, in order to measure the thickness of a thin piece of foil, you need a special instrument. However, you can also determine thickness by measuring the mass, length, and width of the foil. Using the mass of the foil and the density, you can determine the volume of the foil. V = mass /density. Then you can determine the thickness (height) since the volume, V = length x width x height. [And thus, height = V/(lengthXwidth)] Pre-Laboratory Exercise Complete the following exercises paying attention to units and significant figures. All answers should have three sig.figs since the data provided has three sig.figs. Use one of the following formulas in each case: D = M/V M = D X V V = M/D 1. If the mass of an unknown piece of metal is 58.0 grams and it occupies a volume of 12.9 ml, what is the density of the metal? As always when doing a calculation, first write down the formula and then plug in the numbers with the units . Write down the answer with all sig.figs. Then round it off and write your answer with three sig.figs (since the measurements have three sig.figs.) Mass= 58.0 g D=M/V Volume= 12.9 ml D= 58.0 g/12.9 ml D=? D= 4.496124031 g/ml D= 4.50 g/ml
2. Using your answer in #1 and the information in the table below, identify the metal in question #1: Densities of some common metals at 25°C Metal Density (g/cm 3 ) Metal Density (g/cm 3 ) Magnesium 1.74 Nickel 8.91 Aluminum 2.70 Copper 8.95 Titanium 4.50 Silver 10.49 Zinc 7.14 Gold 19.32 Iron 7.87 Tungsten 19.3 3. A 105 g slab of metal is dropped into a cylinder which has 69.9 mL of water in it. The water goes up to 83.3 mL with the metal slab in it. What is the density of the metal? First calculate the volume considering the water displacement data provided. Then to solve for density: write down the formula and then plug in the numbers with the units . Write your answer with three sig.figs. M= 105g D= M/V V= 83.3 ml – 69.9 ml D= 105g/13.4 ml V= 13.4 ml D= 7.8358208955 g/ml D= 7.84 g/ml 4. Using your answer and the information in the table above, identify the metal: 5. If the slab of metal above was actually a cylinder with a 0.600 cm radius, how tall is the cylinder? To calculate this, consider the volume you calculated in the first part of #3. Since 1 mL=1cm 3 , you can use the volume you calculated in #3 with cm 3 as its units so that units will cancel out correctly. Use the formula V = π r 2 h which rearranges to h = V / (π r 2 ). Round your final answer to three sig.figs. to match the measurements. h = V / (π r 2 ) h=13.4 cm 3 / π x .0036 cm 2 h= 13.4 cm 3 / π ( 0.0600 cm) 2 h= 13.4/.0113097 = 1,184.8236469579 cm= 118 cm Titanium Iron
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