2_ECI_175_READER_1-25

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Oct 30, 2023

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1 University of California, Davis Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ECI 175 Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering READER By Professor: Katerina Ziotopoulou, PhD, PE Fall Quarter 2023
2 ECI 175 Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Ground Motions Reading 1. Ground Motions Primer 2020 (in Canvas) mandatory 2. Kramer Sections 2.1 2.5, 2.9.2.5 (ref) 3. Kramer Sections 3.1, 3.3, 4.4.1.2 (ref) 4. Kramer Sections 5.1 5.4 (but information is spotty there so best to reference these notes) Objectives of this topic: 1. Understand how tectonic earthquakes are generated and what seismic waves are produced in the process. 2. Describe fault types and fault rupture. 3. Describe fault rupture qualitatively in terms of intensities and quantitatively in terms of magnitudes. 4. Understand that different seismic waves are generated as a direct consequence of fault rupture and quantify wave velocities. 5. Be able to discuss basic principles of wave propagation including reflection and refraction at material interfaces. 6. Describe ground motions in terms of accelerations, velocities, and displacements as well as their response spectra. 7. Discuss the form of GMPEs and use them to obtain ground motion parameters. 8. Understand and describe what a PSHA is in the context of decision making. Context within Class
3 Tectonic Plates, Faults, and Earthquake Occurence Internal structure of earth Relative Masses: Oceans: 1/5000, Crust 1/250, Mantle = 2/3, Core 1/3 How are earthquakes generated? Whole-mantle convection (Wikipedia, 2023) Mantle convection: The Earth's surface lithosphere rides atop the asthenosphere & the two form the components of the upper mantle. The lithosphere is divided into several tectonic plates that are continuously being created or consumed at plate boundaries¨ _______________________________________________________________aka the earth is a patchwork of large mobile, oceanic and continental regions of solid rock called plates, floating on softer rock.
4 Tectonic movement in time The earth is a very dynamic environment:
5 Preliminary determination of epicenters: 358,214 events from 1963 to 1998 Activity 1 : Let’s see some earthquakes being recorded https://ds.iris.edu/ieb https://ds.iris.edu/seismon https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/earthquakes Seismicity of a region: Earthquakes occur because: i. Relative movement of plates forces interactions at boundaries ii. Plates comprised of rock and soil which are strong materials with tensile and frictional components iii. Plates move steadily, resulting in build-up stresses iv. Eventually energy stored exceeds soil/rock strength, relative motion occurs to release energy earthquake! v. Types of plate interactions:
6 Types of faults:
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