Iceberg Table

.pdf

School

University of Toronto *

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Course

100

Subject

Communications

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

2

Uploaded by nikitanunes04

Events/Patterns/Structure/Mental Model Worksheet Event -- What happened (to whom, when, and where)? What - Disinformation acts as a threat to deliberative democracy. To whom- Government (Politics) When - Ongoing issue, Disinformation campaigns by the Russian government in 2016. Where - Online ( disinformation more prevalent due to social media) Patterns & Trends -- What’s been happening over time in terms of disinformation’s impacts on deliberative democratic systems? Use arrows to draw graphs, causal chains, and feedback loops. Disinformation - intentionally false or deceptive communication used to benefit its creators or disseminators at the expense of others. Complex mixtures of fact and fabricated content, manipulated images and videos, false information sources, automated accounts or “bots,” and other tactics are employed. ↓ Due to social media platforms, the above is possible , disrupting the preexisting institutions and practices that amplified or filtered out claims in media systems . Online communication has introduced new means to disguise or misrepresent the authors and amplifiers of communication. ↓ Online Disinformation affects election outcomes and communicative exchanges among citizens both negatively and positively. While online disinformation increased due to the existence of social media, a systemic approach to deliberative democracy is particularly well suited to today’s hybrid media systems. For example, using feedback loops - A video presenting a politician doing something posted online, however, the caption to the post of negatively misleading ↓ Negative talk about the political leader, leading to questioning about his/her party, which could lead to a change in the election outcome.
The Berkhout video is a similar example . Berkhout’s video acts as a noise machine, a distraction or in simpler words false information against Greta Thunberg's speech. Structures -- What underlying structures are reinforcing, aggravating, and/or accelerating this problem? How so? - Freedom of speech, a right coming from democracy, allowing individuals to speak their minds where and when they wish to. - Accessissibilty to social media - The choice of being anonymous leading to unaccountability Mental Models -- What values and ways of thinking enable and aggravate this growing problem? Democracy gives individuals the freedom of speech. This makes controlling disinformation a lot more difficult as people will want to speak their minds. Additionally, when not factual in context, if people are talking about, let's say which political party they support, their beliefs on why they support that party may be true for them and false for another individual.
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