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ESET 315 – Hwk9 due April 19
Name: __________________________________________________________________
For your reference, here is a good summary about Spanning Tree algorithm: The Spanning Tree Protocol
(from Local Area High Speed Network, Dr. Sidnei Feit)
If redundant LAN paths are created, some must be placed in backup mode. If these paths are needed to cope with a network failure, they must be upgraded to active status.
Manually controlling the topology of a big, complicated LAN can be a tough job – especially since several administrators may be allowed to add and remove equipment and make parameter changes independently. It is very desirable to have a protocol that can control LAN topology automatically.
The IEEE 802.1 D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was designed to do this. The protocol enables the bridges in a LAN to perform the following actions:
-
Discover and activate an optimal tree topology for the LAN, without loops
-
Detect failures and subsequent recoveries, and automatically update the topology so that the “best” tree structure possible is selected at any given time. The topology of the LAN automatically is calculated from a set of bridge configuration parameters that are established by administrators
. The tree will be the “best” one that can be constructed using these parameters. The 802.1D STP has won strong acceptance in the marketplace. This protocol always has been popular for Ethernet LANs, but it has been designed to operate with any type of LAN MAC protocol, not just Ethernet. Question 1 (6 points): 1 – Let’s review what a Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) is. If your switch receives the following BPDU, what does each field mean?
10.3.23
10 means the _______________________________________________
3 means the________________________________________________
23 means the _______________________________________________
2 – Which standardization body specifies the Spanning Tree Protocol and the format of the Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) messages? What is the name of the standard? 1
Question 2 –(15 points)
(9 points) In the figure below, the bridge with ID 55 has five ports. Listed on the diagram near each port is the best configuration message received and the link speed for each port. If the cost associated for a link is the New IEEE Cost:
Speed New IEEE Cost
10 Gbps
2
1 Gbps
4
100 Mbps
19
10 Mbps
100
identify what the spanning tree calculation will decide is the:
i) Root port: _______________
ii) Designated port(s): _______________ iii) Blocked port(s): _________________
iv) Forwarding port(s): ________________
v)The best configuration message for P1:___________, P2: ________, P3: __________, P4:_________; P5:___________
3 – (6 points) Draw approximately how switches in the Spanning Tree from Problem 2 will look like. Make sure to show the root switch, the designated bridges and blocked ports. 2
Question 3 (21 points):
(9 points) The next picture shows a bridge with ID 100 and its five ports. Listed on the diagram near each port is the BPDU received and the link speed for each port. If the cost associated for a link is the New IEEE Cost:
Speed New IEEE Cost
10 Gbps
2
1 Gbps
4
100 Mbps
19
10 Mbps
100
identify what the spanning tree calculation will decide is the:
i)
root port:_____________
ii)
designated port(s):______________
iii)
blocked port(s):_____________
iv)
forwarding port(s):______________
v)
the best configuration message for each port,
for this switch: P1: ____________, P2: _______________
P3: ____________, P4: _______________
P5: _____________
20.2.9
0
15.40.7
7
10.21.50
10.10.6
0
10.20.5
3
Port 1,
10 Gbps
Port 2,
10 Gbps
Port 3,
1 Gbps
Port 4,
1 Gbps
Port 5,
1 Gbps
SW ID: 100
3
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Algorithm on our asynchronous thread simulator -
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Algorithm 4.4 Tarry_ST
1: int parent
2: boolean used[n] + {false}
3: message types token
4:
5: if i = root then
> root starts the search
send token(i) to any je r(i)
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8: end if
6:
7:
9:
10: while true do
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11:
12:
then
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13:
14:
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used[j]·
15:
16:
17:
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D all neighbors searched
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22:
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> terminate
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0000000000
??
0000000001
??
Block:0,
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0000000010
Instruction-1
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Tag
Tag
0000000011
Instruction-2
0000000100
Instruction-3
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0000000110
Instruction-5
0000000111
Instruction-6
0000001100
Instruction-7
0000001101
Instruction-8
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0000001110
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0000001111
Data-2
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0000011100
Data-3
0000011101
Data-4
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0000011111
Data-6
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1111111100
%3D
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Algorithm 4.2 Flood_ST
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7:
parent i
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