6921 Assignment 1_SP24
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Economics
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Feb 20, 2024
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Jonalyn Telesz
OMBA 6921 – Industrial Economics WB
Spring 2024
Assignment 1– 48 points - Due Friday, January 19, 2024
1.
(12) Explain what would happen in the following markets given the following demand or
supply shocks. In your answer clearly state what happened to supply or demand and what would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity as a result, other factors constant.
A.) Market: Grapes. Shock: A major scientific study suggests that individuals who regularly consume grapes live
on average five years longer and have a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
A major study that reveals grapes have very beneficial health effects will cause the demand for grapes to increase. All other factors constant, the equilibrium price will shift to the right of the demand curve (increase) and the quantity produced will shift to the right (increase) as well. B.) Market: Electric vehicles. Shock: There is a significant decrease in electric battery production costs, which are used as an input in the production of electric vehicles. A significant decrease in electric battery production costs will increase the supply of electric vehicles (shift the supply curve to the right). Other factors constant, the increase in supply of electric vehicles will decrease the equilibrium price and increase the quantity. C.) Market: Used cars. Shock: There is a significant decrease in the price of new cars, which are a substitute of used cars. A significant decrease in the price of new cars will decrease the demand for used cars (shifting the demand curve to the left). Other factors constant, the quantity of used cars available will decrease and the equilibrium price will decrease. D.) Market: Orange juice. Shock: A citrus disease leads to a significant reduction in the U.S. orange crop.
A decrease in supply for orange juice would occur after a citrus disease leads to a significant reduction in the U.S. orange crop (shift the supply curve to the left). Other factors constant, the quantity of oranges will decrease while the equilibrium price of oranges will increase. 2. (11) Suppose the estimated supply function for avocados is given by Q
S
48
15
p – 10
p
f
, where p
f is the price of fertilizer. The estimated demand for avocados is given by Q
d
233
40
p + 5
p
t
, where p
t is the price of tomatoes
avocados per pound. ** assuming avocados and tomatoes are used interchangeably here & it was a typo not having the same food throughout**
a.
(3) Solve for the initial equilibrium price and quantity of avocados if the price of fertilizer, p
f ,
is equal to $0.35 per lb. and price of tomatoes
avocados, p
t
, is equal to $0.80 per lb. 48+15p-10(0.35) = 233-40p+5(0.80) 48+15p-3.5 = 233-40p+4
44.5+15p=237-40p
55p/55=192.5/55
p=$3.50
Q
d
=233-40(3.50)+5(0.80)
Q
d
=233-140+4
Q
d
= 237-140=97 avocados
b.
(3) Solve for the new equilibrium price and quantity of avocados if the price of fertilizer, p
f ,
increases to $0.90 per lb. and price of tomatoes
avocados, p
t
, remains $0.80 per lb. 48+15p-10(0.90) = 233-40p+5(0.80) 48+15p-9 = 233-40p+4
39+15p=237-40p
55p/55=198/55
p=$3.60
Q
d
=233-40(3.60)+5(0.80)
Q
d
=233-144+4
Q
d
= 237-144= 93 avocados
c.
(3) Use these equilibrium values from parts a. and b. to solve for the price elasticity of demand for avocados.
(%ΔQ
d
) = ((93-97)/97) *100% = -4.12%
(%Δp) = ((3.60-3.50)/3.50) *100% = 2.86%
Ed = |(%ΔQ
d
) / (%Δp)| = |-1.44| = 1.44 d.
(2) Given your calculations, are avocados elastic, inelastic or unit-elastic? Have total expenditures on avocados
increased, decreased, or not changed as a result of the change in the price of fertilizer?
The price elasticity of demand is greater than 1 in absolute value, so avocados are elastic. Total expenditures on avocados
have decreased as a result of the change in the price of fertilizer because the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price. Higher fertilizer costs could lead to higher production costs which can decreases the supply of avocados and lowers the expenditure on avocados.
3.
(8) A short piece from The Economist
noted that
“A doctor of general medicine in New York typically earns 64% less than a peer in Alabama.” This is despite the fact that there is a significantly higher demand for general medicine in New York compared to Alabama. Use a market supply and demand diagram to depict this situation - that New York general medicine doctors earn less than their peers in Alabama, despite the higher demand - then briefly explain why this is the case. Note: The depiction can be completed with one diagram that has separate supply and demand curves for both Alabama and New York general medicine doctors. The demand for doctors in Ney York is higher than the demand for doctors in Alabama. However, New York has a larger quantity of doctors than Alabama has, thus driving the price of doctors in New York lower than the price of doctors in Alabama.
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