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Totaling Costs
LaVern Brown
Indiana Wesleyan University
ECON-510-01: Economic Analysis for Managers
Professor Oladele Omosegbon
February 3, 2024
2
Totaling Costs
Inflation, labor, and volumes are collectively impacting production costs in the automotive industry. Suppliers are grappling with material price increases and rising labor costs, which are identified as top concerns leading to reduced earnings. The high turnover and fluctuating releases in the labor force have rendered suppliers approximately one-third less efficient than pre-COVID-19. Additionally, the supply chain instability is creating choppy waves
of demand from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), further exacerbating costs and stress
on the supply base.
The reference to “choppy waves of demand” suggests inconsistent and unpredictable patterns in the demand for automotive products. Achieving economies of scale, which involves spreading fixed costs over a larger number of units to reduce production costs per item, becomes challenging in such an environment. Economies of scale are most effective when production volumes are stable and predictable. The fluctuating demand described as choppy waves disrupts the ability to consistently achieve the desired scale. This unpredictability may lead to underutilization of production capacity during periods of low demand, impacting cost efficiency. Inconsistent demand patterns can also result in challenges related to inventory management, further affecting the overall effectiveness of economies of scale.
References
Kowal, T. (2023, June 12). Challenges Facing Global Automotive Supply Chains. SupplyChainBrain
. https://www.supplychainbrain.com/blogs/1-think-tank/post/37191-
challenges-facing-global-automotive-supply-chains
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Related Questions
Exhibit 21-3
Marginal Physical
Total
Total
Product of
Variable Marginal
Variable Fixed
Input
Input
Variable Input
Fixed
Cost
Cost
Cost
Output
(units) (units) (units)
(units)
(dollars) (dollars)| (dollars)
1
$500
$0
1
1
10
(A)
$500
$200
(F).
2
1
25
(B)
$500
$400
(G)
3
1
45
(C).
$500
$600
(H).
4
1
60
(D)
$500
$800
(1)
5
1
70
().
$500
$1000
().
Refer to Exhibit 21-3. The average fixed cost of producing 25 units of output is
a. indeterminable with the information given.
b. $50.00.
c. $2.50.
d. $20.00.
e. $500.00.
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Exhibit 21-3
Marginal Physical Total
Total
Product of
Variable Marginal
Variable Fixed
Input
Input
Variable Input
Fixed
Cost
Cost
Cost
Output
(units) (units)
(units)
(units)
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
1
$500
$0
1
1
10
(A)
$500
$200
(F)
1
25
(B)
$500
$400
(G)
3
1
45
(C).
$500
$600
(H).
4
1
60
$500
$800
(1).
5
1
70
$500
$1000
().
Refer to Exhibit 21-3. The marginal cost figures in blanks (F) and (G), respectively, are
O a. $2.00 and $1.33.
b. $20.00 and $13.33.
c. $2.00 and $1.60.
O d. $2.00 and $2.66.
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TOTAL AND MARGINAL PRODUCT
Total Product [Output]
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Marginal Product
20
10
0
-10
-20
1
Labor Input
1
2
2
2
3
3
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
Labor Input
8
Reset
Labor Input
8
EEPRODUCTIVITY CALCULATIONS
Labor
Input
0
Output
0
Marginal
Product
structions: Move the slider at the bottom of the diagram to change the quantity of labor hired for both graphs and the table.
) What is the marginal product of the third worker?
) What is the marginal product of the fifth worker?
c) If units of output are sold for $0.80 each, how much revenue does the firm gain by selling the additional units attributed to the 3rd
worker? $
How much revenue does the firm gain by selling the additional output from the fifth worker? $
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0
Labo capit total
Labors
ur al product $20 FC
5
15
1
10 1
1
1
20 1
Question 6
Mr-Ali Alawi recently set a shoe manufacturing outlet. He is planning for production demand, labor
requirement, fixed cost, variable cost, the revenue. He come up with the following schedule. Help
him to fill up the schedule. Initially he plans to use one machine. Total fixed cost per month is
expected to be $1000. The unit cost of labor is estimated to be $20.
0
25
75
100
VC=#
of
150
0
100
200
300
1000
total
Cost(FC+VATotal cost/
C)
100
1000 120
1000 140
1000 160
Marginal
cost(MC)
400 1000 180
ATotal Product
Total
Revenue
Profit
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4
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Calculate the size of the workforce needed for the companyto meet average weekly demand.
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4-2 Game Day Shuttle Service You run a game day shuttle service for parking services for the local ball club. Your costs for different customer loads are 1: $30, 2: $32, 3: $35, 4: $38, 5: $42, 6: $48, 7: $57, and 8: $68. What are your MCs for each customer load level? What is the AC? If you are compensated $10 per ride, what customer load would you want?
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Marginal
Total Marginal
Cost
RevenueRevenue
Quantity Variable
Price
costs
PER
UNIT
$0.00
$5,3
---
---
1
$5.50
$5,3
$6.00
$5,3
3
$6.50
$5,3
4
$7.00
$5,3
5
$7.50
$5,3
$8.00
$5,3
The fixed costs are $70. Calculate the marginal costs if
the current level of production is 3 units and the
producer decides to increase its output by 1 unit. Show
your answer with a number only. The number must
have 2 digits after the decimal point.
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please read the question carefully as there are multiple questions with the same graphs that is shown on the image
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workers
ouput
marginal product
total cost
average total cost
marginal cost
0
0
0
200
0
$0
1
20
20
300
$15
$5
2
50
30
400
$8
$3.33
3
90
40
500
$5.56
$2.50
4
120
30
600
$5
$3.33
5
140
20
700
$5
$5
6
150
10
800
$5.33
$10
7
155
5
900
$5.8
$20
can you explain diminishing marginal product based on these numbers?
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Plz answer question in picture
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Is this correct?
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Fill in the missing values based on the above production schedule table. For average responses round two decimal places
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Quantity of Labor
Total Product
Total Revenue
1
4
$ 18
2
8
36
3
11
50
4
13
59
5
14
63
Refer to the given data. This firm's product price is
A) $4.5.
B) $4.25.
C) $4.8.
D) $18.
Please explain/show your work, thank you!
Note:-
Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer.
Take care of plagiarism.
Answer completely.
You will get up vote for sure.
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please view photo uploaded
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Task 3
3(a) Medi Pharma Company produces two products Mask and PPE kit (both are in high
demand due to covid19). The cost structure of these two products are as follows:
Selling price per unit
Variable cost
Contribution per unit
Mask $
100
60
PPE-kit $
70
40
40
30
Both the products need services of lab experts with special skills. Only six experts are
available with the company each working a 35 hours week (total 210 hours in total). The
production of Mask need 30 minutes (0.5 hours) of experts' time and PPE-kit needs 20
minutes (0.33 hours).
Required:
3(a) When there a a scarce resource, we undertake the activity that has the highest
contribution per unit of scarce resource. Do you agree? Explain your point using the data
of Medi Pharma.
3(b)
Smart auto garage bought a machine three years ago for $ 12000. The future of
this machine is uncertain and considering the replacement as it has no
disposable value. Can $12000 be a relevant cost in making decision of
replacing it?
Smart auto…
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1
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(a) Complete the following table and draw the corresponding graphs.
Capital inputs
Labor inputs
Total product
Average product
Marginal product
20
0
0
20
1
15
20
2
34
20
3
51
20
4
65
20
5
74
20
6
80
20
7
80
20
8
75
(b) What is relationship between MP and AP? Explain why MP first rises, then declines and ultimately becomes negative?
(c) Whether the above phenomenon is long run or short run and why?
(d) Does law of diminishing marginal returns holds in above scenario? Why and why not.
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Need this asap thank you
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None
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Total Fixed Total Variable
Labor
Output
cost
(workers) (units per day) (dollars)
20
20
20
20
20
20
Cost
(dollars)
13
16
18
25
50
75
100
125
4.
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Table linking output to inputs
Units of Labor Input Quantity of Output
Marginal Product Marginal Cost
1
3
2
7
3
12
4
16
19
6
21
7
22
Share your methods and calculations for Marginal Product and Marginal Cost and be specific in discussing the link between the two.
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Help solve the blanks
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Please no hand writing solution
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Please no hand writing solution
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Accounting
Complete the table and Graph the cost curves:
Output (Q)/day
Total Variable costs ($)
Total costs
(TC)
($)
Marginal costs
(MC)
($)
Average Total costs
(ATC)
($)
Average Variable costs (AVC)
($)
0
0
635
--
----
----
1
50
2
100
3
150
4
200
5
300
6
400
7
500
8
650
9
800
What is the dollar value of the fixed costs in this example?
Why do marginal costs, average variable costs, average total cost have a “U” shape? That is, why do they start out high, get lower, and then higher again?
For 7 units of output, what is the average fixed cost? Why does average fixed cost fall as a firm produces more of a good?
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The President of ACME wants to know why he shouldn't produce at the point when average costs are the lowest. Explain to him why this is not the best production level.
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4. Exercise 8.4
From your knowledge of the relationships among the various cost functions, complete the following table. (Hint: If necessary, round to two decimal
places.)
TTC
Q
(Dollars)
TFC
(Dollars)
TVC
(Dollars)
ATC
(Dollars)
AFC
AVC
(Dollars) (Dollars)
MC
(Dollars)
0
125
5.00
10
20
10.50
30
110
40
255
50
60
3.00
3.00
70
80
295
5.00
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12 true or false
The point at which the marginal product of a variable input is at a maximum corresponds to the point at which marginal cost is at a maximum
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Which of the following is an example of a
Variable Cost?
A. an employee who makes $40,000 a year
B. purchasing raw materials when production increases
C. making a mortgage payment for building
ight © 2003 -2022 International Academy of Science. All Rights Reserved.
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Answer all questions
Question 1
Calculate the productivity for the following operations:
Three employees processed 600 insurance policies last week. They 8 hours per day, 5 days per week.
A team of workers made 400 units of product, which is valued by its standard cost of $10 each (before markups for other expenses and profit). That accounting department reported that for this job the actual cost were $ 400 per labor, $1000 for materials and 4300 for overhead.
Question 2
a) Find the productivity if four workers installed 720 square yards of carpeting in eight hours.
b) Compute for the productivity of a machine which produced 68 usable pieces in two hours.
Question 3Compute the multifactor productivity measure for an eight-hour day in which the usable output was 300 units, produced by three workers who used 600 pounds of materials. Workers have an hourly wage of $20 and material cost is $1 per pound. Overhead is 1.5 times labour cost.Question 4A health club has two employees who…
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Related Questions
- Exhibit 21-3 Marginal Physical Total Total Product of Variable Marginal Variable Fixed Input Input Variable Input Fixed Cost Cost Cost Output (units) (units) (units) (units) (dollars) (dollars)| (dollars) 1 $500 $0 1 1 10 (A) $500 $200 (F). 2 1 25 (B) $500 $400 (G) 3 1 45 (C). $500 $600 (H). 4 1 60 (D) $500 $800 (1) 5 1 70 (). $500 $1000 (). Refer to Exhibit 21-3. The average fixed cost of producing 25 units of output is a. indeterminable with the information given. b. $50.00. c. $2.50. d. $20.00. e. $500.00.arrow_forwardExhibit 21-3 Marginal Physical Total Total Product of Variable Marginal Variable Fixed Input Input Variable Input Fixed Cost Cost Cost Output (units) (units) (units) (units) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 1 $500 $0 1 1 10 (A) $500 $200 (F) 1 25 (B) $500 $400 (G) 3 1 45 (C). $500 $600 (H). 4 1 60 $500 $800 (1). 5 1 70 $500 $1000 (). Refer to Exhibit 21-3. The marginal cost figures in blanks (F) and (G), respectively, are O a. $2.00 and $1.33. b. $20.00 and $13.33. c. $2.00 and $1.60. O d. $2.00 and $2.66.arrow_forwardTOTAL AND MARGINAL PRODUCT Total Product [Output] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Marginal Product 20 10 0 -10 -20 1 Labor Input 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 Labor Input 8 Reset Labor Input 8 EEPRODUCTIVITY CALCULATIONS Labor Input 0 Output 0 Marginal Product structions: Move the slider at the bottom of the diagram to change the quantity of labor hired for both graphs and the table. ) What is the marginal product of the third worker? ) What is the marginal product of the fifth worker? c) If units of output are sold for $0.80 each, how much revenue does the firm gain by selling the additional units attributed to the 3rd worker? $ How much revenue does the firm gain by selling the additional output from the fifth worker? $arrow_forward
- 0 Labo capit total Labors ur al product $20 FC 5 15 1 10 1 1 1 20 1 Question 6 Mr-Ali Alawi recently set a shoe manufacturing outlet. He is planning for production demand, labor requirement, fixed cost, variable cost, the revenue. He come up with the following schedule. Help him to fill up the schedule. Initially he plans to use one machine. Total fixed cost per month is expected to be $1000. The unit cost of labor is estimated to be $20. 0 25 75 100 VC=# of 150 0 100 200 300 1000 total Cost(FC+VATotal cost/ C) 100 1000 120 1000 140 1000 160 Marginal cost(MC) 400 1000 180 ATotal Product Total Revenue Profitarrow_forward4arrow_forwardCalculate the size of the workforce needed for the companyto meet average weekly demand.arrow_forward
- 4-2 Game Day Shuttle Service You run a game day shuttle service for parking services for the local ball club. Your costs for different customer loads are 1: $30, 2: $32, 3: $35, 4: $38, 5: $42, 6: $48, 7: $57, and 8: $68. What are your MCs for each customer load level? What is the AC? If you are compensated $10 per ride, what customer load would you want?arrow_forwardMarginal Total Marginal Cost RevenueRevenue Quantity Variable Price costs PER UNIT $0.00 $5,3 --- --- 1 $5.50 $5,3 $6.00 $5,3 3 $6.50 $5,3 4 $7.00 $5,3 5 $7.50 $5,3 $8.00 $5,3 The fixed costs are $70. Calculate the marginal costs if the current level of production is 3 units and the producer decides to increase its output by 1 unit. Show your answer with a number only. The number must have 2 digits after the decimal point.arrow_forwardplease read the question carefully as there are multiple questions with the same graphs that is shown on the imagearrow_forward
- workers ouput marginal product total cost average total cost marginal cost 0 0 0 200 0 $0 1 20 20 300 $15 $5 2 50 30 400 $8 $3.33 3 90 40 500 $5.56 $2.50 4 120 30 600 $5 $3.33 5 140 20 700 $5 $5 6 150 10 800 $5.33 $10 7 155 5 900 $5.8 $20 can you explain diminishing marginal product based on these numbers?arrow_forwardPlz answer question in picturearrow_forwardIs this correct?arrow_forward
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage Learning
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Economics
ISBN:9781337106665
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