Spring 2024 Principles of Macroeconomics (OP)
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Principles of Macroeconomics, Spring 2024
Assignment #3 (Chapters 6, 7, & Production and Growth) (60 points)
Name ___
Answer Key
_______________________________________________________
GENERAL INSTRUCTION: Your assignment must be submitted as a Word document by
11:59 pm Friday, Mar. 29 (so that I can provide you with the answer key on Saturday,
Mar. 30 before the deadline for exam 3). No late assignments are accepted.
PART I. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
INSTRUCTION: Read each question carefully and answer in the space provided. Please
highlight your answers (or use a different color or font) and show all work where
necessary. You will lose points if you do not show work where necessary.
1.
What does a consumer price index (CPI) measure? How is CPI constructed? [2.5x2=5 pts]
Answer:
The consumer price index measures the overall cost of the goods and services
bought by a typical consumer. It is constructed by surveying consumers to determine a
basket of goods and services that the typical consumer buys. Prices of these goods and
services are used to compute the cost of the basket at different times, and a base year is
chosen. To compute the index, we divide the cost of the market basket in the current year by
the cost of the market basket in the base year and multiply by 100.
2.
The market basket of goods for a typical consumer includes 200 gallons of gas, 50 gallons of
milk, and 40 loaves of bread. The base year is 2017. Table 6.1 [4+2=6 pts]
Year
Price of Gas
Price of Milk
Price of Bread
2016
$2.75
$2.50
$1.50
2017
$3.00
$2.50
$1.65
2018
$3.15
$2.75
$1.75
a). Calculate the CPI for 2017 and 2018. [2x2=4 pts]
Answer
: CPI 2017
= [(cost of the basket in 2017)/ (cost of the basket in base year)] x 100
= [[($3.00 x 200) + ($2.50 x 50) + ($1.65 x 40)] / [($3.00 x 200) + ($2.50 x 50) +
($1.65 x 40)]]. 100
= [(600 + 125 + 66) / (600 + 125 + 66)]. 100 = (791/ 791). 100 = 100
CPI
2018
= [(cost of the basket in 2018)/ (cost of the basket in base year)] x 100
= [[($3.15 x 200) + ($2.75 x 50) + ($1.75 x 40)]/ [791]]. 100
= [(630 + 137.5 + 70)/ 791]. 100
= (837.5/791). 100 =105.88
b). Calculate the inflation rate from 2017 to 2018. [2 pts]
Answer: Inflation rate 2017-2018
= [(CPI 2018
– CPI 2017
)/ CPI 2017
]. 100
= [(105.88 – 100)/ 100]. 100 = 5.88%
1
3.
In 1948, the average price of a movie ticket was $0.36. The CPI in 1948 was 24.1, and the
CPI today is 301.836. How does the price of a movie ticket in 1948 compare to the price of a
movie ticket today? Explain and show your answer mathematically. [4+1=5 pts]
Answer:
Current dollar value of = $0.36 x (301.836/ 24.1) = $ 4.509
1948 movie ticket
$0.36 in 1948 is equivalent to 4.509 today. The current average price of a movie ticket is
about $12. Hence, comparing $ 4.509 to $12, we can conclude that movie tickets are more
expensive today than in 1948.
4.
Describe how the BLS determines whether an individual is “employed,” “unemployed,” or
“not in the labor force.” [1.5x3=4.5 pts]
Answer
: The BLS takes the total population of the United States and subtracts all persons who are under
16 years of age, on active military duty, or institutionalized, and what is left is called the civilian
noninstitutional population. The civilian noninstitutional population is divided into two groups:
persons not in the labor force and persons in the labor force. Persons in the civilian labor force
are either employed or unemployed. A person is counted as employed
if he/she did any work for
pay or profit during the survey reference week, or if he/she did at least 15 hours of unpaid work
in a family-operated enterprise, or if he/she were temporarily absent from their regular jobs
because of illness, vacation, bad weather, industrial dispute, or various other personal reasons. A
person is counted as unemployed
if he/she did not have jobs during the survey reference week but
made specific active efforts to find a job during the prior 4 weeks and was available for work, or
if he/she was not working, but was waiting to be called back to a job from which he/she had been
temporarily laid off. A person is considered as not in the labor force
if he/she is neither
employed nor unemployed.
2
5. Define the following terms: [1x5=5 pts]
a). Frictional unemployment : -
occurs when individuals with transferable skills change jobs or enter the labor force.
b). Structural unemployment
-
occurs when structural changes in the economy eliminate some jobs and create
others for which the unemployed are unqualified.
c). Natural unemployment rate:
is the sum of frictional and structural unemployment.
- is the normal rate of unemployment.
d). Cyclical unemployment
- is the difference between the existing unemployment rate and the natural unemployment rate.
e). Discouraged Workers
-
former workers who are not actively looking for work and are not waiting to be called back to a job or to report for a job
Table 6. 2
Period
Civilian Non-institutional
Population (millions)
Civilian
Labor Force
(millions)
Unemployed
(millions)
Year 1
5.50
4.20
0.32
Year 2
5.60
4.30
0.38
6. Use Table 6.2 to answer the following: [2.5x2=5 pts]
a) In Year 2, how many people are employed? [2.5 pts]
Answer
: 4.30 million – 0.38 million = 3.92 million.
b) Calculate the unemployment rate for Year 1. [2.5 pts]
Answer
: (unemployed workers / total labor force). 100 = (0.32/ 4.20). 100 = 7.62%
3
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