Data Exercise #2

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Economics

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Data Exercise #2
Part 1: The Unemployment Rate The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics release a monthly employment situation summary. This report includes data gathered from two monthly surveys: the household survey which measures labor force status to include unemployment categorized by demographic characteristics and the establishment survey which measures nonfarm employment to include hours and earnings by industry (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024a). This data is used to estimate the current number of individuals listed on U.S. economy payrolls and the unemployment rate. Businesses, investors, financial markets, and the Federal Reserve use the employment situation summary to understand the current state of the economy (Mahorney, 2024). The most recent employment situation summary is pertaining to December 2023. December 2023 Data According to the December 2023 employment situation summary report, the U.S. unemployment rate was at 3.7 percent, which is equal to roughly 6.3 million individuals. This rate is unchanged from the previous month but are higher than the rates seen a year earlier. As mentioned above, this report is broken down into subcategories by demographic characteristics. Those categories and their precents are as follows: adult men – 3.5 percent, adult women – 3.3 percent, teenagers – 11.9 percent, whites – 3.5 percent, blacks – 5.2 percent, Asians – 3.1 percent, and Hispanics – 5.0 percent. From November to December, these rates showed little change overall. To calculate the above precents, the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the Current Population Survey. This survey is comprised of 60,000 households, or approximately 110,000 individuals. Each month, a random sampling method of 15,000 households are contacted to obtain an approximation of the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015). While knowing the unemployment rate is a good indication of our
economy, there are some things that are missed. Amanda Dixon (2023) points out the following issues with how the unemployment rate is calculated. Firstly, unemployment only accounts for individuals who have actively looked for jobs in the last four weeks. Because of this, it does not calculate for anyone who is not actively seeking employment. Secondly, unemployment does not consider the type of job the individual has. Neither the pay nor skill level of a job impacts the unemployment percentage. Thirdly, they do not account for those who are long-term unemployed. Due to these reasons, the unemployment rate can be highly inaccurate. Effects of Unemployment The unemployment rate not only effects the individuals who are jobless but also the economy. When an individual is unemployed, they lose their disposable income which lowers their purchasing power and reduces the economy’s output. If a company loses too much income, they can be forced to cut costs, which often results in reducing their number of employees. This not only raises the unemployment percentages, but it also puts additional stress on the employees who are now stuck trying to work multiple positions with no extra pay. The bottom line is that unemployment is a never-ending cycle where everyone loses (Picardo, 2023). Reflection This exercise has taught me not to take numbers in reports as the whole truth. While I always assumed the unemployment rates could not capture a full story, I did not realize how inaccurate it was. There are a multitude of factors which play into unemployment, but my biggest question is where we can start to improve the overall percent to better individual lives and ensure our economy avoids a recession. Hopefully we see improvements in the coming future.
Part 2: The Inflation Rate The United States uses the inflation rate to measure the increases in the price of the goods and services in the economy. The Bureau of Labor Statistics measures multiple aspects of inflation using various indexes (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d.). Consumer Price Index The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics release a monthly consumer price index (CPI) summary for all urban consumers. This summary shows the average changes in prices paid for goods and services such as food, energy, vehicles, apparel, medical care, and shelter. This consumer group represents roughly 93 percent of the U.S. population and includes employed, unemployed and retired individuals. The data for this summary is gathered from approximately 6,000 households and 22,000 retail establishments within 75 urban areas across the U.S. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024b). The most recent consumer price index summary is pertaining to December 2023. December 2023 Data According to the December 2023 consumer price index for all urban consumers summary, the level of the CPI-U was 306.746. This number can be used to compare the inflation from the previous months and years. The CPI-U level for November 2023 was 307.051. When you compare these two indexes, we can see the rate of inflation for the month of December was lower by -0.10 percent. To find the rate of inflation for the past twelve months, we can compare the CPI-U from December 2022 to that of December 2023. December 2022 CPI-U was at 296.797, so when compared to 306.746 we can see inflation has risen by 3.24 percent. Within the last twelve months, we can see the largest price increase happened for motor vehicle insurance and transportation services. On the other hand, commodities less food and energy, and fruits and
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