_Econ Assignment 13 solved

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Illinois Institute Of Technology *

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211

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Economics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Question 1: Among developed economies, which of the following sources of economic growth is most likely to explain superior growth performance? A. Technology. B. Capital stock. C. Labor supply. Answer: A Explanation: • B is not correct because among developed economies, capital is no longer scarce. In developing economies, the marginal return of capital stock is high because capital is scares. • C is not correct because in most of developed economies, labor supply does not increase rapidly. • A is correct because technological advance increases the total factor productivity and economic growth follows. Question 2: Which of the following can be measured directly? A. Potential GDP B. Labor productivity C. Total factor productivity Answer: B Explanation: • Potential GDP and Total factor productivity are not measurable. • Labor productivity is directly measurable. • Potential GDP can be estimated from predicted labor productivity and labor supply growth. Question 3: The sustainable growth rate is best estimated as: A. the weighted average of capital and labor growth rates. B. growth in the labor force plus growth of labor productivity. C. growth in total factor productivity plus growth in the capital-to-labor ratio. Answer: B Explanation: • A is incorrect because it is a definition of total factor growth rate. • C is incorrect because it is a per-capita GDP growth rate but not necessarily sustainable growth rate, and total factor productivity is not directly observable. • B is correct because it is a correct definition of sustainable growth rate and both labor force and labor productivity are observable. Question 4: In the neoclassical or Solow growth model, an increase in total factor productivity reflects an increase in: A. returns to scale. B. output for given inputs. C. the sustainable growth rate. Answer: B Explanation: • B is correct because the total factor productivity is a scaler to relate the total factor (labor and capital combined) to the output. • A is incorrect because of the following reason. In Solow growth model, capital and labor have a constant return to scale when
both of them increase at the same time. In addition, if only one of them increases, it has a decreasing return to scale. These properties hold regardless of how large or small total factor productivity is. Question 5: An economic forecasting firm has estimated the following equation from historical data based on the neoclassical growth model: Output growth = 1.5 + 0.72 (Growth of labor) + 0.28 (Growth of capital). The intercept (1.5) in this equation is best interpreted as: A. the long-run sustainable growth rate. B. the growth rate of total factor productivity. C. above-trend historical growth that is unlikely to be sustained. Answer: B Explanation: B conforms to the Solow’s growth accounting equation. Question 6: An economic forecasting firm has estimated the following equation from historical data based on the neoclassical growth model: Potential output growth = 1.5 + 0.72 (Growth of labor) + 0.28 (Growth of capital) The coefficient on the growth rate of labor (0.72) in this equation is best interpreted as: A. the labor force participation rate. B. the marginal productivity of labor. C. the share of income earned by labor. Answer: C Explanation: C conforms to the Solow’s growth accounting equation. Question 7: Convergence of incomes over time between emerging market countries and developed countries is most likely due to: A. total factor productivity. B. diminishing marginal productivity of capital. C. the exhaustion of nonrenewable resources. Answer: B Explanation: • B is correct. Capital is scarce in emerging market countries and marginal productivity of capital is initially higher. As time goes on, the marginal productivity of capital decreases because of diminishing marginal productivity of capital. Eventually, incomes (or outputs) between emerging market countries and developed countries converge to each other. Question 8: Sources of long-term economic growth include all of the following except ______. A. investment in new capital B. current consumption C. discovery of new technologies
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