ECO 045 - Practice Problems for Final Exam - Part1_Spring 2023

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Lehigh University ECO 045 Practice Problems for Final Exam – Part1 Yuval Erez Spring 2023 1. The records show that 8% of the items produced by a machine do not meet the specifications. What is the probability that a sample of 100 units contains? (Note: You can use the normal approximation to the binomial distribution to answer the following questions.) a. Five or more defective units? b. Ten or fewer defective units? c. Eleven or less defective units? ANSWER: a. 0.9015 b. 0.8212 c. 0.9015 2. An airline has determined that 20% of its international flights are not on time. What is the probability that of the next 80 international flights (Note: Here too you can use the normal approximation to the binomial distribution to answer the following questions.) a. fifteen or less will not be on time? b. eighteen or more will not be on time? c. exactly 17 will not be on time? ANSWER: a. 0.4443 b. 0.3372 c. 0.1071 3. Parameters are a. numerical characteristics of a sample. b. numerical characteristics of a population. c. the averages taken from a sample. d. numerical characteristics of either a sample or a population. ANSWER: b
2 4. A simple random sample of 100 observations was taken from a large population. The sample mean and the standard deviation were determined to be 80 and 12 respectively. The standard error of the mean is a. 1.20 b. 0.12 c. 8.00 d. 0.80 ANSWER: a 5. The closer the sample mean is to the population mean, a. the larger the sampling error. b. the smaller the sampling error. c. the sampling error equals 1. d. none of these alternatives is correct. ANSWER: b 6. As the sample size increases, the a. standard deviation of the population decreases. b. population mean increases. c. standard error of the mean decreases. d. standard error of the mean increases. ANSWER: c 7. The sample mean is the point estimator of a. μ b. σ c. d. ANSWER: a
3 8. Whenever the population has a normal probability distribution, the sampling distribution of is a normal probability distribution for a. large sample sizes. b. small sample sizes. c. any sample size. d. samples of size thirty or greater. ANSWER: c 9. The sampling error is the a. same as the standard error of the mean. b. difference between the value of the sample mean and the value of the population mean. c. error caused by selecting a bad sample. d. standard deviation multiplied by the sample size. ANSWER: b 10. A probability distribution of all possible values of a sample statistic is known as a. a sample statistic. b. a parameter. c. simple random sampling. d. a sampling distribution. ANSWER: d 11. The purpose of statistical inference is to provide information about the a. sample based upon information contained in the population. b. population based upon information contained in the sample. c. population based upon information contained in the population. d. mean of the sample based upon the mean of the population. ANSWER: b
4 12. For a population with any distribution, the form of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is a. sometimes normal for all sample sizes. b. sometimes normal for large sample sizes. c. always normal for all sample sizes. d. always normal for large sample sizes. ANSWER: d 13. A sample of 24 observations is taken from a population that has 150 elements. The sampling distribution of is a. approximately normal because is always approximately normally distributed. b. approximately normal because the sample size is large in comparison to the population size. c. approximately normal because of the central limit theorem. d. normal if the population is normally distributed. ANSWER: d 14. Doubling the size of the sample will a. reduce the standard error of the mean to one-half its current value. b. reduce the standard error of the mean to approximately 70% of its current value. c. have no effect on the standard error of the mean. d. double the standard error of the mean. ANSWER: b 15. The following data was collected from a simple random sample of a population. 13 15 14 16 12 The point estimate of the population standard deviation is a. 2.500 b. 1.581 c. 2.000 d. 1.414 ANSWER: b
5 16. The following data was collected from a simple random sample of a population. 13 15 14 16 12 The mean of the population a. is 14 b. is 15 c. is 15.1581 d. could be any value ANSWER: d 17. The expected value of ࠵?̅ equals the mean of the population from which the sample is drawn a. only if the sample size is 30 or greater. b. only if the sample size is 50 or greater. c. only if the sample size is 100 or greater. d. for any sample size. ANSWER: d 18. All of the following are true about the standard error of the mean except a. it is larger than the standard deviation of the population. b. it decreases as the sample size increases. c. its value is influenced by the standard deviation of the population. d. it measures the variability in sample means. ANSWER: a 19. The basis for using a normal probability distribution to approximate the sampling distribution of ࠵?̅ is a. Chebyshev’s theorem. b. The empirical rule. c. The central limit theorem. d. Bayes' theorem. ANSWER: c
6 20. Below you are given the values obtained from a random sample of 4 observations taken from an infinite population. 32 34 35 39 a. Find a point estimate for μ . Is this an unbiased estimate of μ ? Explain. b. Find a point estimate for σ 2 . c. Find a point estimate for σ . d. What can be said about the sampling distribution of ? Be sure to discuss the expected value, the standard deviation, and the shape of the sampling distribution of . ANSWER: a. 35; Yes; E( ) = μ b. 8.667; c. 2.944 d. E( ) = μ , the standard deviation = sqrt( σ 2 /n) = σ /sqrt(n) , and the sampling distribution of is normally distributed IF the population is normally distributed. 21. A simple random sample of 100 observations was taken from a large population. The sample mean and the standard deviation were determined to be 80 and 12 respectively. The standard error of the mean is a. 1.20 b. 0.12 c. 8.00 d. 0.80 ANSWER: a 22. A population has a standard deviation of 16. If a sample of size 64 is selected from this population, what is the probability that the sample mean will be within ±2 of the population mean? a. 0.6826 b. 0.3413 c. -0.6826 d. Since the mean is not given, there is no answer to this question. ANSWER: a
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