TECH8015-Lab2_With and with out shading20230103

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Conestoga College *

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TECH8015

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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Laboratory Manual TECH 8015: Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab 2 NAME: STUDENT NUMBER: DATE: 10 th March 2023 INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Robert Ross SECTION TECH 8015: LAB GROUP NUMBER: Rev: May 2022

Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... 1 Lab 3: Study and analysis of PV panel performance with and without shading ..................................... 2 Objective ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Apparatus .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Required Preparation ......................................................................................................................... 2 Procedures ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Task 1: Circuit set-up and data collection .................................................................................. 2 Task 2: Graphical representation of the data ............................................................................. 7 Task 3. Answer the Following Questions ................................................................................. 11 Expected Outcomes ......................................................................................................................... 12 Lab Demonstration Instructions ...................................................................................................... 12 Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 1 of 12

Lab 2: Study and analysis of PV panel performance with and without shading Objective Observe the relationship between current and voltage in the output of a module. Plot I-V and P-V curves. Analyze the impacts of shading on PV panel performance. Apparatus  Festo Trainer  2 x multimeters  Screwdriver  Wiring Required Preparation Review I-V Curves, impacts of shading, and the differences between Vmp, Voc, Imp and Isc. Procedures Task 1: Circuit set-up and data collection Step 1: We will be connecting the variable resistor as a load directly to the solar panel at the FESTO Trainers (as shown in figure 1a). In order to facilitate voltage and current readings, we will also be connecting two multimeters, one set as an ammeter in series to measure current, and the other set as a voltmeter in parallel to measure the voltage (as shown in figure 1b). Figure 1- (a) Variable resistor connected directly to pv module as load, and (b) The same circuit, but with a voltmeter and ammeter connected to take measurements Step 2: Ensure circuit is wired correctly and multimeters are configured correctly. Have an instructor check on your circuit before you energize the artificial sun lamp. Week 1 Signoff Week 2 Signoff Week 3 Signoff

Step 3: Rotate the variable resistor knob all the way counter clockwise. This will be your starting position (R Setting 1). Record the Voltage and Current in Table 1 and calculate the Power. Rotate the variable resistor knob slightly clockwise. This will be your R setting 2. Record the Voltage and Current again and calculate the Power. Repeat these steps until you have rotated the variable resistor knob all the way clockwise. Add additional rows in your table if necessary. Table 1. Solar module output electrical parameters (no shading). R Setting Voltage (Volts) Current (Amps) Power (Watts=I x V) 1 20.6 0.139 2.86 2 20.6 0.147 3.03 3 20.5 0.158 3.24 4 20.5 0.172 3.53 5 20.4 0.182 3.71 6 20.3 0.204 4.14 7 20.3 0.224 4.55 8 20.2 0.256 5.17 9 20.1 0.291 5.85 10 20 0.333 6.66 11 19.9 0.418 8.32 12 19.5 0.554 10.80 13 15.6 0.687 10.72 14 8 0.743 5.94 15 0.01 0.754 0.01 Step 4: Let the lamp cool down for a few minutes. Then, insert a small shading obstruction to cover one cell. What do you expect the impact of this amount of shade will be on the voltage, current, and power measurements you found in step 3? Answer: When I inserted a small part of shading obstruction which cover a only one cell that time it reduce the overall output of the particular solar panel. The solar sell is connected in series string so the covered cell will bring down other cell which relates to that cell in series. Other module will produce power around other series strings.

Table 2. Solar module output electrical parameters (shading of single cell). R Setting Voltage (Volts) Current (Amps) Power (Watts=I x V) 1 15.1 0.102 1.54 2 14.7 0.104 1.53 3 14.2 0.107 1.52 4 13.7 0.11 1.51 5 13 0.115 1.50 6 12.5 0.12 1.50 7 11.9 0.124 1.48 8 11.4 0.129 1.47 9 10.5 0.139 1.46 10 10 0.147 1.47 11 9.6 0.166 1.59 12 9.4 0.249 2.34 13 9.3 0.344 3.20 14 9.1 0.503 4.58 15 0.1 0.75 0.08 Step 6: Let the lamp cool down for a few minutes. Then, remove the small shading obstruction, and insert a medium shading obstruction to cover one row (along the width of the panel). What do you expect the impact of this amount of shade will be on the voltage, current, and power Measurements? Answer: When whole row of cell is coved with the obstacles then power output may drop to zero. you found in step 3? Step 5: Repeat the measurements from Step 3: Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 4 of 12

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