TECH8015-Lab2_With and with out shading20230103

docx

School

Conestoga College *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

TECH8015

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by Yuvrajsinh091199

Laboratory Manual TECH 8015: Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab 2 NAME: STUDENT NUMBER: DATE: 10 th March 2023 INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Robert Ross SECTION TECH 8015: LAB GROUP NUMBER: Rev: May 2022

Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... 1 Lab 3: Study and analysis of PV panel performance with and without shading ..................................... 2 Objective ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Apparatus .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Required Preparation ......................................................................................................................... 2 Procedures ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Task 1: Circuit set-up and data collection .................................................................................. 2 Task 2: Graphical representation of the data ............................................................................. 7 Task 3. Answer the Following Questions ................................................................................. 11 Expected Outcomes ......................................................................................................................... 12 Lab Demonstration Instructions ...................................................................................................... 12 Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 1 of 12

Lab 2: Study and analysis of PV panel performance with and without shading Objective Observe the relationship between current and voltage in the output of a module. Plot I-V and P-V curves. Analyze the impacts of shading on PV panel performance. Apparatus  Festo Trainer  2 x multimeters  Screwdriver  Wiring Required Preparation Review I-V Curves, impacts of shading, and the differences between Vmp, Voc, Imp and Isc. Procedures Task 1: Circuit set-up and data collection Step 1: We will be connecting the variable resistor as a load directly to the solar panel at the FESTO Trainers (as shown in figure 1a). In order to facilitate voltage and current readings, we will also be connecting two multimeters, one set as an ammeter in series to measure current, and the other set as a voltmeter in parallel to measure the voltage (as shown in figure 1b). Figure 1- (a) Variable resistor connected directly to pv module as load, and (b) The same circuit, but with a voltmeter and ammeter connected to take measurements Step 2: Ensure circuit is wired correctly and multimeters are configured correctly. Have an instructor check on your circuit before you energize the artificial sun lamp. Week 1 Signoff Week 2 Signoff Week 3 Signoff

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Step 3: Rotate the variable resistor knob all the way counter clockwise. This will be your starting position (R Setting 1). Record the Voltage and Current in Table 1 and calculate the Power. Rotate the variable resistor knob slightly clockwise. This will be your R setting 2. Record the Voltage and Current again and calculate the Power. Repeat these steps until you have rotated the variable resistor knob all the way clockwise. Add additional rows in your table if necessary. Table 1. Solar module output electrical parameters (no shading). R Setting Voltage (Volts) Current (Amps) Power (Watts=I x V) 1 20.6 0.139 2.86 2 20.6 0.147 3.03 3 20.5 0.158 3.24 4 20.5 0.172 3.53 5 20.4 0.182 3.71 6 20.3 0.204 4.14 7 20.3 0.224 4.55 8 20.2 0.256 5.17 9 20.1 0.291 5.85 10 20 0.333 6.66 11 19.9 0.418 8.32 12 19.5 0.554 10.80 13 15.6 0.687 10.72 14 8 0.743 5.94 15 0.01 0.754 0.01 Step 4: Let the lamp cool down for a few minutes. Then, insert a small shading obstruction to cover one cell. What do you expect the impact of this amount of shade will be on the voltage, current, and power measurements you found in step 3? Answer: When I inserted a small part of shading obstruction which cover a only one cell that time it reduce the overall output of the particular solar panel. The solar sell is connected in series string so the covered cell will bring down other cell which relates to that cell in series. Other module will produce power around other series strings.

Table 2. Solar module output electrical parameters (shading of single cell). R Setting Voltage (Volts) Current (Amps) Power (Watts=I x V) 1 15.1 0.102 1.54 2 14.7 0.104 1.53 3 14.2 0.107 1.52 4 13.7 0.11 1.51 5 13 0.115 1.50 6 12.5 0.12 1.50 7 11.9 0.124 1.48 8 11.4 0.129 1.47 9 10.5 0.139 1.46 10 10 0.147 1.47 11 9.6 0.166 1.59 12 9.4 0.249 2.34 13 9.3 0.344 3.20 14 9.1 0.503 4.58 15 0.1 0.75 0.08 Step 6: Let the lamp cool down for a few minutes. Then, remove the small shading obstruction, and insert a medium shading obstruction to cover one row (along the width of the panel). What do you expect the impact of this amount of shade will be on the voltage, current, and power Measurements? Answer: When whole row of cell is coved with the obstacles then power output may drop to zero. you found in step 3? Step 5: Repeat the measurements from Step 3: Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 4 of 12

Table 3. Solar module output electrical parameters (shading of row along width of panel). R Setting Voltage (Volts) Current (Amps) Power (Watts=I x V) 1 12.8 0.086 1.1008 2 12.2 0.088 1.0736 3 11.4 0.088 1.0032 4 10.7 0.089 0.9523 5 10 0.091 0.91 6 9.3 0.092 0.8556 7 8.6 0.092 0.7912 8 7.9 0.093 0.7347 9 7.2 0.095 0.684 10 6.4 0.095 0.608 11 5.3 0.097 0.5141 12 4.5 0.097 0.4365 13 3.4 0.099 0.3366 14 2.6 0.1 0.26 15 0.1 0.104 0.0104 Step 8: Let the lamp cool down for a few minutes. Then, remove the medium shading obstruction, and insert a large shading obstruction to cover one row (along the length of the panel). What do you expect the impact of this amount of shade will be on the voltage, current, and power measurements? Answer: When we put obstacles on entire string which is connected is series will no longer produce any kind of energy. Other strings produce energy as usual. you found in step 3? Step 7: Repeat the measurements from Step 3: Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 5 of 12

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Table 4. Solar module output electrical parameters (shading of row along length of panel). R Setting Voltage (Volts) Current (Amps) Power (Watts=I x V) 1 9.5 0.064 0.61 2 9.5 0.07 0.67 3 9.4 0.077 0.72 4 9.4 0.084 0.79 5 9.4 0.092 0.86 6 9.4 0.103 0.97 7 9.4 0.114 1.07 8 9.3 0.131 1.22 9 9.3 0.151 1.40 10 9.3 0.176 1.64 11 9.2 0.216 1.99 12 9.2 0.277 2.55 13 9.1 0.365 3.32 14 8.9 0.534 4.75 15 0 0.775 0.00 Step 9: Repeat the measurements from Step 3: Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 6 of 12

Task 2: Graphical representation of the data Step 1: Draw the I-V curve and P-V curve of the solar panel output with no shade. Label the maximum power point. 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 I-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Current(Amps) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 P-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Power(Watts) Current (Amps) Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 7 of 12

Step 2: Draw the I-V curve and P-V curve of the solar panel output with a single cell being shaded. Label the maximum power point. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 I-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Current(Amps) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 P-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Power(Watts) Current (Amps) Current (Amps) Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 8 of 12

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Step 3: Draw the I-V curve and P-V curve of the solar panel output with a single row (across the width) being shaded. Label the maximum power point. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 I-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Current(Amps) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 P-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Power(Watts) Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 9 of 12

Step 4: Draw the I-V curve and P-V curve of the solar panel output with a single row (along the length) being shaded. Label the maximum power point. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 I-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Current(Amps) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 P-V Curve Voltage(Volts) Power(Watts) Photovoltaic Grid Design Lab Manual Page 10 of 12

Task 3. Answer the Following Questions: Question 1: What is the Vmp, Imp, and Pmax with no shade? How do these values compare to the values on the nameplate of the solar panel? What does this tell you about the intensity of the artificial sun? Question 2: What is the Vmp, Imp, and Pmax under the various shading scenarios? How do these results compare to your expectations in steps 4, 6, and 8 of Task 1? What does this tell you about the impact of shading on panel output? Question 3: Is there anything about the results that surprised you? Explain. Answer: V mp = 18.3 V I mp = 5.04 A P max = 90 W If considering a artificial sun the we can see that it only gives 11.91% of the rated maximum power output. So, we can say that artificial sun intensity is way lesser then actual sun. Answer: Shading one cell: Vmp = 9.1 V, Imp = 0.503 A, Pmax = 4.5773 watts. Shading one row: Vmp = 12.8 V, Imp = 0.086 A, Pmax = 1.1008 watts. Shading one column: Vmp = 8.9 V, Imp = 0.534 A, Pmax = 4.7526 watts. By thoroughly going through all the data we can see that the shading has a great impact on the solar energy production, so we need to take care about the all obstacles which makes a shading on the solar panels throughout the year before installing a solar panels. Answer: The most surprising part which I found is a original sun efficiency, the artificial sun which we used in this experiment is only produce 12% of the maximum solar panel output. There is a many obstacles in the atmosphere which impact the solar efficiency like cloud, snow and which significantly reduce the amount of sunlight.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Expected Outcomes By following the procedures listed above you should have observed the effect of shading on the I-V curve of a solar panel. Lab Demonstration Instructions During the last week of this lab, your instructor will come around to see your completed lab manual, as well as a demonstration of one of the above scenarios. You will be asked some follow up questions to demonstrate your understanding of the lab. Your marks on this lab will be based on completeness of the lab manual, how well you are able to demonstrate the above procedures, how well you interpret the results, and how well you answer the questions.