Lab 1 Ohm's Law

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Camden County College *

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201

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES: LAB#1 OHM’S LAW GROUP #1 PROFESSOR: J5 Lab 2022

Objective : To authenticate Ohm's Law and experimentally demonstrate the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in an electronic series circuit. Equipment used:  2200 Ω resistor  15k Ω resistor  (2) Digital multimeters (ammeter and voltmeter)  Variable DC power supply range {0 – 10 volts} with voltage display  Prototype board  Jumper Wires  Alligator Clip Wires Circuit Operation: 1. Connecting a Dc power supply power to a resistor with a verified voltage, voltage flows through the resistor and connected in parallel a voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference in voltage between the positive and negative points on the resistor. 2. For a Current Measurement an Ammeter is connected in series to create an open circuit. Current always stays the same in series so connecting an Ammeter give us an accurate reading of current. 3. Increase the voltage from 2 to 10 V increments demonstrates the mathematical relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in an electronic series circuit by using Ohm’s Law to determine the voltage drop of an unknown resistance. Calculations: Ohm's law is the elemental relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. Voltage: Voltage is the pressure that forces the electrons to flow in a particular direction in a conductor. The unit of voltage is Volt and denoted by V . Current: Current is the flow of electrons in a particular direction. The current is the rate of change of electrons in a specific direction. Unit of current is Ampere and denoted by I . The current is in the milliampere range (1 Ampere = 1000 milliampere). Resistance: Resistance is the hindrance to the flow of charge or electron. The unit of electrical resistance is the Ohm (Ω) and is denoted by R . There is a necessary relationship between these three quantities, voltage, current, and resistance: Page | 1

V = IR or I = V / R or R = V / I To find the amount of current, you can use the formulas above. To calculate the current use the voltage and the resistance values: Example: Table 1 (first row) page 4 I = V / R I = 2 V / 2200k Ohm I = 0.000909 A = 0.91 mA (milli Ampere) With 2.00 Volts(V) and 2.2K Ω Resistance(R) the circuit has 0.91 mA Current(I) . This relation is called Ohm's Law. Electronic instruments that measure resistance is founded on Ohm's law. These instruments apply an understood voltage and current and specify the resistance. This Lab experiment evaluates the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance and forecasts an unknown resistance. To validate Ohm's Law the formulas must show values that match the findings in the experiment to demonstrates the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in an electronic series circuit. Procedure: 1. Calculate using Ohm’s Law the current of each resistor 2.2K Ω and 15K Ω with voltages ranging from 2,4,6,8 and 10 and record them in the worksheet tables provided. 2. Select 2 resistors: 2.2K Ω ( Color Code: Red, Red, Red, Gold ) and 15K Ω (Color Code: Brown, Green, Orange, Gold ) . 3. With a DMM Ohm’s Meter record the values of each resistor in Ohms on the worksheet. 4. Follow Schematic (page 3) and with a Prototype board and jumper wires, connect the variable Dc Power Supply with jumper wires to the resistor and connect a DMM Voltage meter with alligator plugs in parallel to resistor to measure voltage drop and connect a DMM Ammeter in series to DC Power Supply to measure current. 5. Set voltages ranging from 2,4,6,8 and 10 and record the data of Resistance, Current and Voltage per resistor in given tables on worksheet. Make sure to disconnect your circuit in between each voltage setting. 6. Replace first resistor with second resistor and replicate the experiment. 7. Create Lab report to document your findings and create 2 graphs of measured Voltage and Current with each resistor and answer questions from handout. Page | 2

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Schematic: Observations: From this lab investigation, the values of voltages depend on how big the resistors' values are. The bigger the values of resistors, allowed more voltage to flow. The voltage range and resistor value are linear to each other. Page | 3

Data: Table 1(2.2K Ω Resistor) TABLE 1 (2.2K Ω) Color Code: Red, Red, Red, Gold SOURCE VOLTAGE (E) RESISTANCE (R) CURRENT (I) RESISTOR VOLTAGE (V R ) RESISTANCE (R) CURRENT (I) 2 V 2.2K Ω 0.91mA 1.9378 V DC 2.177K Ω 0.89mA 4 V 2.2K Ω 1.82mA 3.9860 V DC 2.177K Ω 1.83mA 6 V 2.2K Ω 2.73mA 6.0630 V DC 2.177K Ω 2.79mA 8 V 2.2K Ω 3.64mA 8.0070 V DC 2.177K Ω 3.68mA 10 V 2.2K Ω 4.55mA 9.9860 V DC 2.177K Ω 4.59mA Graph: Data: Table 2(15K Ω Resistor) Page | 4

TABLE 1 (15K Ω) Color Code: Brown, Green, Orange, Gold SOURCE VOLTAGE (E) RESISTANCE (R) CURRENT (I) RESISTOR VOLTAGE (V R ) RESISTANCE (R) CURRENT (I) 2 V 15K Ω 0.13mA 2.0012 V DC 14.963K Ω 0.13mA 4 V 15K Ω 0.27mA 3.9997 V DC 14.963K Ω 0.27mA 6 V 15K Ω 0.40mA 6.0000 V DC 14.963K Ω 0.40mA 8 V 15K Ω 0.53mA 8.0000 V DC 14.963K Ω 0.53mA 10 V 15K Ω 0.67mA 9.9950 V DC 14.963K Ω 0.67mA Graph: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Voltage Vs Current w/ 15K Ω R Calculated Values Measured Values Current (I) Voltage (V) Conclusion The Lab showed we could see that the current and the voltage were proportional. From the graph, we can see that when voltage increases, the current also increases. According to Ohm's law, the current through a conductor between Page | 5

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two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. This experiment shows that the current and voltage are balanced, which proves that Ohm's law is correct . What can you conclude from the slope of the lines? The lines are linear . In your laboratory report think about the following: Do your measurements match the calculated values? Yes Why or why not? Following directions exactly help produce a result replicating the Theory of Ohm’s Law giving it a stronger validation of what it proves. What contributed to the errors ? The temperature of the room changed resistance on the resistors and the length of wires might have had an effect but in our case a very miniscule value. What does Ohm's Law predict? The current is proportional to the voltage and is inversely proportional to the resistance. Did you make any other observations about the use of equipment? Yes, Voltage was measured before resistance and after and noticed and very small drop about .0020 in average from the original Voltage to the measured resistance Voltage. Page | 6

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