W2 -Lab 2 Class B -AB-OG

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ECPI University *

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121

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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Experiment 2: Class – B and AB Push-Pull Amplifiers Objectives: After completing this experiment, you should be able to, 1. Observe the Class – B and AB push-pull power amplifier’s output waveforms. 2. Calculate the output power and efficiency. Components needed: Instruments used: 1. Resistors: (2) 10kΩ, 330Ω 2. Transistor: (1) 2N3904, (1) 2N3906 1. Digital Multimeter (DMM) 3. Diodes: (2) 1N914B 2. Variable Power Supplies (VPS) 3. Function Generator 4. Connecting wires (as necessary) 4. Oscilloscope Procedure: 1. The Class - B/AB push-pull power amplifier we build in this lab will include two complementary (NPN and PNP) transistors. 2. Measure and record the resistor values using Digital Multimeter (DMM) listed in Table 1 below. Listed value Measured value R 1 - 10 kΩ 9.8 kΩ R 2 - 10 kΩ 9.8 kΩ R L – 330Ω 326.9 kΩ Table 1: Listed and measured values 3. Identify the Emitter, Base and Collector terminal of each of the transistor. (Note: Hold the transistor, such that the flat face facing towards you. The leftmost pin is the Emitter, middle pin is the Base and the rightmost pin is the Collector)
Figure 1: Transistor terminals 4. Build the following circuit on the bread board. Observe the both emitters and both bases of the transistors are joined together. Figure 2: Class – B push-pull amplifier 7. Turn ON the power. 8. Set the Supply + to 9V and Supply - to - 9V. 9. Use the Function generator . 10. Set the voltage to 2V PP, 1 kHz sinewave . 11. Turn on the Oscilloscope . 12. Connect CH0 of the Oscilloscope across the function generator. 13. Connect CH1 of the Oscilloscope across the 330Ω resistor. 14. You should be able to observe the following signals. Q1 2N3904 VCC V 9 V1 Vpk 1 kHz 1 ° 0 Supply + (Pin 48) GROUND (Pin 49) RL 330Ω FGEN (Pin 33) Q2 2N3906 VEE V -9.0 Supply - (Pin 50) CH1 - Output CH0 - Input
Figure 3: Input and Output signals of the Class-B Push-Pull Amplifier 15. Observe the output voltage is approximately 1.4V behind the input voltage. This is because both the transistors are off when the signal falls below ± 0.7V. This is called cross-over distortion. 16. Use the following steps to calculate the efficiency of the Class – B/AB push-pull amplifier. a. Maximum peak output voltage = V CEQ = ____4.5V_____. b. Maximum peak output current = I C = ____13.6mA____. c. Output power = P out = 0.25 * I C (sat) * VCC = ____3.06V______. d. DC input power = P DC = ____3.9V_____. e. Efficiency = = _____0.78V_____. 17. In order to eliminate the cross-over distortion diodes are used to bias the transistors. Modify the Class-B push-pull into Class-AB push-pull circuit as shown below. CH0 - Input CH1 - Output
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Figure 4: Class – AB Push-Pull amplifier 18. Turn ON the Power supply, Function generator and the Oscilloscope. 19. Observe the input and output signal voltages using CH0 and CH1 of the oscilloscope. You should be able to see the following waveforms.
Figure 5: Input and Output signals of the Class AB Amplifier 20. Observe the input and output voltage levels there are close but not equal. This is because the forward voltage drop of the diode is not exactly matching the V BE of the transistors. The cross-over distortion can be greatly minimized but cannot completely be eliminated. Experiment Questions: 1. The maximum efficiency of Class-B/AB power amplifier is ___0.78V____. 2. What is the advantage of Class-B/AB power amplifier? ___________Class B is more efficient than a class A and class AB does not have crossover distortion. __________. 3. The conduction angle for Class-B/AB power amplifier is _____0____ degrees. 4. What is the position of Q-point in Class – B amplifier? _________Between the transistors_________. 5. What is the position of Q-point in Class – AB amplifier? ________Between the diodes__________. 6. What is the importance of diodes in Class – AB push-pull amplifier? To decrease the rate of current without overloading the circuit. *********End of the experiment *********