Prelim 1 Fall 2023 Version-A-Answers

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Introductory Oceanography (EAS/BIOEE 1540-1560) Prelim 1 Fall 2023 1 Copyright Bruce C. Monger (2023) – A Exam Cover Page Do Not Turn This Page Over Until the Exam Begins at 11:15am Please Store Away all Notes and Electronics (watches included) You are strongly encouraged to NOT to sit next to a friend! Please take this time before the exam begins to fill in your HANDWRITTEN personal information on the Bubble Sheet 1. Neatly Hand Write in The Following: First and Last Name Please Use Your Best Possible Handwriting!!! 2. Neatly Hand Write in The Following: Student ID Number Please Use Your Best Possible Handwriting!!! NOTE: We reserve the right to take 3 points off your exam score if we determine your hand-written student information to be in egregiously bad form! After You Complete the Exam 1. Turn In: Your Bubble Sheet, Clipboard and Borrowed Pencil to One of the TAs 2. Keep: Your Hardcopy of the Exam Questions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. The Answer Key will be posted on Blackboard within 1 to 2 days . 4. Exam Scores will be posted on Blackboard in about 1 week

Introductory Oceanography (EAS/BIOEE 1540-1560) Prelim 1 Fall 2023 2 Copyright Bruce C. Monger (2023) – A 1. How did all the chemical elements we see in the universe today get created? a. All chemical elements were created within the first few seconds after the Big Bang when ionized gas cooled enough to allow protons and neutrons to bond, and then electrons to combine, to complete each element. b. The Big Bang resulted in the formation of only hydrogen and some helium. Heavier elements formed later in the interior of stars and when stars exploded. c. All the elements with a molecular weight between that of hydrogen and iron formed within the first few seconds after the Big Bang. Elements heavier than iron came later when large stars exploded. 2. How were the first stars formed? a. The intense heat and pressure, that was created in the first few seconds after the Big Bang, ionized the surface of star-sized masses that had been ejected outward at the very beginning of the Big Bang. b. The first stars were formed when cold hydrogen and helium began condensing due to gravitational attraction. Once the mass of hydrogen and helium became very large, the gravitational compression within the center of the mass created pressure and temperatures extreme enough to ignite thermonuclear fusion reactions. c. Intensely hot primordial plasma (heated from the initial Big Bang) coalesced under the force of gravity to form large masses of hot plasma that were the first stars. 3. The Earth gained its moon when Earth’s gravity captured a Mars-sized planet and brought it into orbit around the Earth. a. True b. False . 4. Is the theory describing the origin Earth’s water well-established or is there still some uncertainty and scientific debate? a. The origin of Earth’s water has been conclusively determined for well over 100 years of earth science. b. The theory of where Earth got its water remains a current area of scientific debate. 5. If you were on a boat at 10°N and 160°W, which ocean would you be in? a. Atlantic b. Pacific c. Indian d. Southern e. Arctic

Introductory Oceanography (EAS/BIOEE 1540-1560) Prelim 1 Fall 2023 3 Copyright Bruce C. Monger (2023) – A 6. How long was all life on Earth (both in the ocean and/or on land) strictly anaerobic (living without oxygen) before photosynthesis finally evolved to produce oxygen in the atmosphere and aerobic life (living with oxygen) finally evolved? a. Bacterial photosynthesis evolved relatively quickly - less than 100 million years. b. Photosynthesis did not evolve until after the first plants appeared on land about 500 million years ago. c. It was almost a billion years before bacterial photosynthesis evolved in the ocean. 7. What type of fossil recorded the earliest known life on Earth? a. Body fossil b. Trace fossil c. Chemical fossil d. A combination of Trace and Chemical together e. A combination of Body and Chemical together 8. What is the Cambrian Explosion? a. It is a sedimentary rock formation in southern Australia that contains well preserved body fossils of the first known multicellular life. b. This is alternative name for when an asteroid hit the Earth around 56 million years ago and caused the 5 th mass extinction event. c. The relatively sudden appearance and diversification around 550 million years ago of nearly all the phyla on Earth. d. It is a region in Southern England where it is believed that life first transitioned from the ocean to land. 9. How many Evolutionary Faunal Groups were described by Professor Warren Allmon in his lecture on the evolution of life in the ocean? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four 10. Marine life in the Mesozoic Marine Revolution occurred between 130 million years ago and 70 million years ago. It was a time when there were big increases in primary production and a big increase in the number and diversity of very large marine predators. a. True b. False

Introductory Oceanography (EAS/BIOEE 1540-1560) Prelim 1 Fall 2023 4 Copyright Bruce C. Monger (2023) – A 11. Which geologic period is represented by the rocks around Ithaca, New York? a. Cambrian b. Devonian c. Permian d. Ithacan 12. In the movie “Your Inner Fish - Part 1”, what was the scientist (main character) looking for? a. Evolutionary origin of human lungs b. Evolutionary origin of the human backbone c. Evolutionary origin of human limbs (arms, hands, and feet) d. Evolutionary origin of human eyesight 13. How did Alfred Wegner confirm that the continents had drifted over geologic time? a. Geophysical calculations showed that the moon’s gravity exerts an attractive force on the massive continents that drags them through the surrounding less massive oceanic crust. b. Careful mapping of coastlines showed that coastlines on the opposite sides of ocean basins had near perfect fits, like torn pieces of paper from a single page matching up. c. Fossil and mineral belts on separate modern-day continents aligned perfectly when the continents were artificially moved into a single supercontinent. d. Magnetic anomalies found in continental rock aligned perfectly when the continents were artificially moved into a single supercontinent. 14. What kind of plate tectonic process takes place in deep-sea trenches? a. This is a region where new oceanic crust is being formed. b. This is where oceanic crust continuously sinks back into the mantle. c. This is where new ocean basins are in the earliest stages of being born. d. This is where two tectonic plates slide laterally past each other (i.e., a Transform Fault region). 15. What is the driving force for plate tectonic motion? a. Gravity of the Moon pulling on the continents. This moves both the continent and the whole tectonic plate in which that continent is embedded. b. Mantle convection c. Slab pull d. Both b and c e. Both a, b, and c

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