AL Galaxies
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Alcala 1
Denisse Alcala
John Olgin
ASTR 1303
11/02/2023
Galaxy Rotation
1.
Describe what has been discovered based on observations on how galaxies rotate.
Based on your research, is this what scientists expected to happen?
Observations of how galaxies rotate have led to a number of important discov-
eries such as that all galaxies rotate, the rotation of galaxies is not uniform, and the
rotation of galaxies is faster than can be explained by the visible matter in the galax-
ies. Scientists did not expect to find that galaxies rotate the way they do. In particular,
the fast rotation of the outer regions of galaxies was a surprise. This is because the
visible matter in galaxies is not concentrated enough in the outer regions to produce
the necessary gravitational force.
2.
Collisions: Based on your research, what is expected to occur when our Milky Way
collides with Andromeda. Is there a good chance for stars of these galaxies to collide
with one another? Explain briefly, using your own sketches to help illustrate your re-
sponse.
The collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda will be a truly awe-inspiring
event, the two galaxies will begin to interact in about 4 billion years, and the merger
will be complete in about 6 billion years. While the stars in each galaxy are unlikely
to collide directly, the gravitational interactions will cause them to be flung into new
orbits and cause effects such as galactic cannibalism and tidal disruptions. In the end,
the Milky Way and Andromeda will merge to form a new, larger elliptical galaxy.
Alcala 2
3.
Galaxy Super Clusters: Explain the nature of these structures and sketch out what you
learned from the Nature video regarding the structures of these massive collection of
galaxies.
Galaxy superclusters are made up of hundreds or even thousands of galaxies,
bound together by gravity. They are thought to have formed early in the history of the
universe when it was much denser than today. The nature video “Laniakea: Our home
supercluster”, discusses a number of interesting aspects of galaxy superclusters that
tell us how they’re not evenly distributed throughout the universe, are constantly
moving, and may contain hidden structures. Overall, this video provides a good over-
view of what we know about these massive collections of galaxies.
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