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Running head: CAPITAL BUDGETING 1
V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting
Shannon D. Burns
FIN 550: Corporate Financial Management
Southern University of New Hampshire
December 27, 2020
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 2
The director of capital budgeting at Brittle Company wants an analysis of two proposed capital investments: Project X and Project Y. Both projects have a cost of $10,000 with a cost of capital of 12%. The main difference between the two projects is the expected net cash flows from
year 1 to year 4. Based on the information given, the financial measure Net Present Value (“NPV”), Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”), and the Modified Internal Rate of Return (“MIRR”) will be used to explore the economic feasibility of both Project X and Project Y. First, we will find the net present value for each project. Net present value helps determine the profitability of a project by taking the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value
of cash outflows over time (Kenton, 2020). As stated, both projects have an initial investment of $10,000. The using all three financial measure methods the first one to be used is the Net Present
Value method (“NPV”). NPV is represents the “present value of the project’s expected future cash-flows, discounted at the appropriate cost of capital.” (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2017)
NVP i
s used to determine the current value of all future cash-flows generated by a project, including the initial capital investment. (Jagerson, 2020)
NPV
=
R
t
(
1
+
i
)
t
Net Present Value (“NVP”) is the sum between each expected net cash-flow is calculated, and the investment is subtracted. NPV is the difference between the initial investment made in the project and the present value of future cash flows being discounted at the required rate of return on investment. For the first Project Y there is a NPV of $966, and while the second Project X has
an NPV of $631. Now, we are tasked in finding the Internal Rate of Return, (“IRR”) for each project. The Internal Rate of Return is another financial measure technique, is the discount rate that equates
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 3
the present value of the expected future cash inflows and outflows. The IRR is the annual
rate of growth an investment is expected to generate. “The IRR is calculated using the same concept as NPV, except NPV is equal to zero. 0
=
NPV
=
∑
t
=
1
T
C
t
(
1
+
IRR
)
t
−
C
0
where:
Ct = Net cash inflow during the period
C
0 = Total initial investment costs
IRR = The internal rate of return
t = The number of time periods (Fernando, 2020)
The first project, Project X has a higher IRR at 18%, while the second project, Project X has a lower IRR at 15%. Lastly, we now move to the last task of finding the Modified Internal Rate of Return, (MIRR) for each project. The Modified Internal Rate of Return “allows project managers
to change the assumed rate of reinvested growth from stage to stage in a project.” (Hayes, 2020) MIRR
=
n
√
FV
(
Positive cashflow ×Cost of capital
)
PV
(
Initial outlays×FInancing cost
)
−
1
where:
FVCF(c)
= the future value of positive cash flows at the cost of capital for the company
PVCF(fc)
= the present value of negative cash flows at the financing cost of the company
n
= number of periods MIRR assumes that flows from all projects are reinvested at the cost of capital not at the project’s own IRR, and therefore making the MIRR a better indicator of projects true profitability. (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2017) Project X has a MIRR of 15%, and Project Y has a MIRR of 14%. After completing the financial investment analysis, we will use the Profitability
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FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 4
Index (“PI”) to see which project will add more value. The Profitability Index (PI) measures the ratio between the present value of future cash flows and the initial investment.
Profitability Index
=
Present value offuturecashflow
Initialinvestment
If the PI is greater than 1, the project should generate value. (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020) The PI rule is a variation of the net present value (“NPV”) rule, therefore when the NPV is positive the Profitability Index will be greater than one. (Chen, 2020) “The higher the profitability index, the more attractive the investment.” (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020)
The profitability index for Project X is found to be 1.097 while for Project Y 1.063. Note: The Profitability Index (“PI”) differs from NPV as it is a “
ratio
, it provides no indication of the size of the actual cash flow.” (Chen, 2020) Likewise, in an Internal Rate of Return analysis the discount rate used oversimplifies the calculation process, for every project will not have the same cashflows or similar risk built in them. (Capital Budgeting Techniques, 2020) “Because of the limitation born into a one single rate discount analysis, an IRR analysis will give a vague representation, for the IRR will not reflect the changing discount rates, or projects with multiple mixture of positive as well as negative cash flows. The Net Present Value technique will have more reliable results due to its versatility. Net Profit Value will reveal precisely how profitable a project will be in comparison to alternatives. (Chen, 2020) If a project has a positive NPV the project ought to move forward. Chen, 2020) If several positive NPV options are being weighed then the one with higher discounted values should be accepted. (Chen,
2020) Therefore, Project X should be accepted.
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 5
References
Capital Budgeting Techniques. (2020). NPV vs IRR. Retrieved December 3rd, 2020, from: capitalbudgetingtechniques.com, https://www.capitalbudgetingtechniques.com/npv-vs-irr/.
CFI Education Inc. (2020). Profitability Index, The ratio between the present
value of future cash flows to the initial investment? Vancouver, BC CFI Education Inc. Retrieved December 3rd, 2020, from: corporatefinanceinstitute.com, https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/
capital-structure-overview/.
Chen, J. (2020). Profitability Index (PI) Rule. New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from: Investopedia.com, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profitability-index-rule.asp.
Ehrhart & Brigham (2017). Stock and Options. In, Corporate Finance. A Focused Approach (8
th
Ed.) Boston, MA, United States: Cengage Learning. Fernando, J. (2020). Internal Rate of Return (IRR). New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December 29, 2020, from: Investopedia.com, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp#:~:text=IRR%20is
%20the%20annual%20rate,of%20annual%20return%20over%20time.
Hayes, A. (2020). Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR). New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from: Investopedia.com,
FIN550 – V-III Homework: Capital Budgeting 6
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mirr.asp#:~:text=The
%20Difference%20Between%20MIRR%20and%20IRR&text=The
%20modified%20internal%20rate%20of%20return%20(MIRR)
%20compensates%20for%20this,an%20inverted%20compounding
%20growth%20rate.
Jagerson, A., J. (2020). What Is the Formula for Calculating Net Present Value (NPV)? New York, NY. Dotdash publishing. Retrieved December
27, 2020, from: Investopedia.com, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032615/what-formula-
calculating-net-present-value-npv.asp.
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Use an Excel spreadsheet to perform the calculations. Be sure to show all the necessary steps involved in the calculation. Attach both the Excel spreadsheet and the Word document for this project.
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5
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(12,000)
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3,500
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- You are considering the following two projects for investment: Project A Project B Year 0 ($10000) ($5000) Year 1 $3000 $3000 Year 2 $7000 $4000 Year 3 $9000 $5000 You must conduct an analysis using your knowledge of capital budgeting (NPV, IRR ect, ) and time value of money to decide which of the options is better. All analysis must be done in Excel. (This will require all calculations to be done using cell references and excel functions). Your analysis will require you to: A. Calculate thefollowing values for the investment proposals: i. The payback period assuming end-of-the-year cash flows. ii. The discounted payback period assuming a required rate of return of 10% and ending of-the-year cash flows. iii. The NPV of each project. iv. The PI of each…arrow_forwardOPPfel Hospitality Consulting Inc. has two similar financial projects to offer one of its corporate clients in the hospitality industry. OPPfel wants to evaluate a set of capital budgeting projects and come up with the best decision according to the project’s IRR and PI for the client. NINV and NCF data for both of the projects are shown in the data table below: Year Project AR Project BF 0 -$100,000 -$100,000 1 $70,000 $20,000 2 $60,000 $50,000 3 $20,000 $100,000 If the minimum required rate of return is 10.00% for both of the capital budgeting projects, which one of the projects provides a better investment decision that OPPfel can consult to the its client?arrow_forwardYou are a financial analyst for the Hittle Company. The director of capital budgeting has asked you to analyze two proposed capital investments, Projects X and Y. Each project has a cost of $10,000, and the cost of capital for each is 12%. The projects’ expected net cash flows are as follows: Expected Net Cash Flows Year Project X Project Y 0 −$10,000 −$10,000 1 6,500 3,500 2 3,000 3,500 3 3,000 3,500 4 1,000 3,500 a. Calculate each project’s payback period, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR), and profitability index (PI). b. Which project or projects should be accepted if they are independent? c. Which project should be accepted if they are mutually exclusive? d. How might a change in the cost of capital produce a conflict between the NPV and IRR rankings of these two projects? Would this conflict exist if r were 5%? (Hint: Plot the NPV profiles.) e. Why does the conflict exist?arrow_forward
- Net Present Value (NPV) In this assignment, you are required to prepare a PowerPoint presentation reviewing 3 projects. You will calculate the NPV, IRR, and payback period for each project. Utilizing the capital budgeting calculations, you will need to select the best investment for the company. These calculations will be based on the following scenario: AIU Industries has 3 potential projects to consider, all with an initial cost of $1,250,000. The company prefers to reject any project with a 4-year cut-off period for recapturing initial cash outflow. Given the cost of capital rates and the future cash flow for each project, determine which project the company should accept. Project AProject Project U Cash Flow Year 1 250,000 450,000 250,000 Year 2 250,000 450,000 400,000 Year 3 250,000 450,000 600,000 Year 4 250,000 450,000 800,000 Year 5 400,000 400,000 200,000 Year 6 400,000 400,000 800,000 Year 7 400,000 400,000 600,000 Year 8 400,000 400,000 200,000 Cost of Capital 4% 6% 8%arrow_forwardYou are a financial analyst for the Hittle Company. The director of capital budgeting has asked you to analyze two proposed capital investments, Projects X and Y. Each project has a cost of $10,000, and the cost of capital for each is 12%. The projects' expected net cash flows are as follows: Expected Net Cash Flows Year Project X Project Y -S10,000 -$10,000 6,500 3,500 3,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,000 1,000 a. Calculate each project's payback period, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR), and profitability index (PI). b. Which project or projects should be accepted if they are independent? c. Which project should be accepted if they are mutually exclusive?arrow_forwardYou are a financial analyst for the H Company. The director of capital budgeting has asked you to analyze two proposed capital investments, Projects X and Y. Each project has a cost of $10,000, and the cost of capital for each project is 12 percent. The projects’ expected net cash flows are as follows: Expected Net Cash Flows Year Project X Project Y ($100,000) ($100,000) 60,500 40,000 30,000 40,000 30,000 40,000 10,000 40,000 Required: Calculate each project’s payback period, net present value (NPV) and Profitability Index (PI) Which project or projects should be accepted if they are independent? Which project should be accepted if they are mutually exclusive?arrow_forward
- SUPERIOR Company Limited is considering the following projects for inclusion in its capital budget for year 2021.The projects have equal risks and the capital outlay required is as follows: Project Investment required Project Investment Requirement Return $000 $000 1 24,000 5520 2 9600 3072 3 7000 980 4 4800 864 5 3200 640 6 1400 392 As the Divisional Manager, you are to decide which of the projects to accept. The company has a cost of capital of 15% with $60million available to the division for investment purposes.Required: Compute the total investment, total return on capital invested and residual income on each of the following assumptions, indicating the preferred project: The Company has a rule that all projects promising at least 20% or more should be accepted. The divisional manager is evaluated on his ability to maximise his return on capital investment. The divisional manager is expected to maximise residual income as computed by using…arrow_forwardAppelbaum Inc. is comparing several alternative capital budgeting projects as shown below: Projects A B C Initial investment $80,000 $120,000 $160,000 Present value of net cash flows 90,000 110,000 200,000 Using the net present value, how many of the projects are available?? Group of answer choicesarrow_forwardYou are a financial analyst for the Vincenzo Company. The director of capital budgeting has asked you to analyze two proposed capital investments, Projects X and Y. Each project has a cost of $10,000, and the cost of capital for each project is 12%. The projects’ expected net cash flows are as follows: Expected Net Cash Flows Year Project X Project Y 0 ($10,000) ($10,000) 1 6,500 3,500 2 3,000 3,500 3 3,000 3,500 4 1,000 3,500 Calculate each project’s payback period, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and modified internal rate of return (MIRR). Which project or projects should be accepted if they are…arrow_forward
- Brunko Hospitality Investment Associates have been approached to evaluate a set of capital budgeting projects. The expected net cash flows along with the initial outlays are represented in the data table below: Year Project 1 Project 2 0 -$250,000 -$250,000 1 $0 $120,000 2 $0 $120,000 3 $0 $120,000 4 $0 $120,000 5 $900,000 $120,000 This firm would like to evaluate the set of capital budgeting projects based on the NPV and IRR. If the minimum required rate of return is 13.00% for both of the projects, which project seems like a better investment to undertake?arrow_forwardProblem B: A firm must choose from six capital budgeting proposals outlined below. The firm is subject to capital rationing and has a capital budget of Php 1,000,000; the firm's cost of capital is 15%. Project Initial Investment(Php) IRR NPV (Php) _______ __________________ ___ ______ 1 200,000 19% 100,000 2 400,000 17% 20,000 3 250,000 16% 60,000 4 200,000 12% (5,000) 5 150,000 20% 50,000 6 400,000 14.5% 150,000 *Using Internal Rate of Return approach of ranking projects, which projects should the firm accept?arrow_forwardYour employer is trying to select from a list of possible capital projects. The projects, along with their cost and benefits, are listed below. The capital budget available is $1 million. In addition to spending constraints, your employer would like to select at least 2 projects. Projects 4 and 5 cannot both be selected together. Formulate the problem as a linear program and determine the optimal solution. Project 1 Cost Net Present Value $260,000 $210,000 $720,000 $590,000 $570,000 $470,000 $490,000 3 $235,000 $215,000 4. $220,000 Which projects should be selected? Project 1 will Project 2 will Project 3 will Project 4 will Project 5 willarrow_forward
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