Class 16 Ratio Analysis Problem Set 3 Kroger and Sprouts Solution
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Cross-Sectional Financial Statement Analysis – Kroger and Sprouts Farmers Market
The Kroger Company is a major U.S. grocery retailer, second only to Wal-Mart in grocery revenue. Kroger’s supermarkets totaled 2,719 by the end of fiscal 2022, most of which included pharmacies, under the Kroger, Harris Teeter,
Ralph’s and Dillon’s banners. More than 1,500 of these stores also have fuel centers. Kroger provides the following breakdown of its revenue mix for the past three years:
Revenue Mix
2022
2021
2020
Non-perishable
50%
51%
54%
Perishable
24%
25%
25%
Fuel
13%
10%
7%
Pharmacy
9%
9%
9%
Other (including convenience stores)
4
%
5
%
5
%
Total
100%
100%
100%
Sprouts Farmers Market, Inc.,
is a recent entrant in this competitive industry with a different strategy, as it focuses on produce which is, literally, at the center of each store and typically occupies 20% of the store’s selling space. Sprouts also differs from other retail grocery stores in its decision to keep most shelving at waist-height so that customers can see the entire store as they enter. With 386 supermarkets as of the end of fiscal 2022, located primarily in the west and southwest regions, Sprouts is much smaller than Kroger, but it is growing quickly as it is expanding into Florida and the southeast. Sprouts provides the following breakdown of its revenue mix for the past three years:
Revenue Mix
2022
2021
2020
Perishables
58%
58%
57%
Non-perishables
42%
42%
43%
Total
100%
100%
100%
Required:
a.
Using the Ratio Analysis Problem Set 3 spreadsheet, calculate the ratios below the financial statements for both companies for the most recent year. See spreadsheet solution.
b.
Identify two differences between the two companies’ qualitative characteristics that are visible in
two specific ratios. Explain the connection between the characteristic and the ratio.
Differences include:
Starting with the DuPont model ratios as an overview: In all three years, Sprouts achieved a higher ROE due to its much higher ROA which is caused by its much higher
profit margin, despite its lower asset turnover. Also, Kroger’s much higher leverage indicates that its use of debt is a significant contributor to its ROE.
Sprouts’ much higher profit margin is driven by its higher gross margin – likely reflecting its much higher proportion of perishables as well as Kroger’s higher proportion of fuel; it may also reflect different strategic choices regarding location (rural and suburban vs urban and suburban), prominence of customer service, and more subtle differences in product mix.
Kroger’s lower SG&A/revenue – likely reflecting its MUCH larger size ($148 billion vs $6 billion) and economies of scale. May also reflect Sprouts’ decision to provide greater customer service.
Kroger’s higher PP&E turnover (which helps to explain its higher asset turnover) – again likely reflecting economies of scale, as well as differences in the age of the company and its assets. Kroger’s PP&E is nearly 50% depreciated, while Sprouts’ PP&E is only 34% depreciated. As long as the store is clean (!), its age should not affect the revenue earned. The difference may also reflect Kroger’s more efficient use of space, given Sprouts’ strategy of lower shelving in much of the store.
Sprouts’ shorter days inventory on hand reflects its higher proportion of perishables, although its trend upward may be the result of its expansion.
Kroger’s longer days payables outstanding reflects both its power with its suppliers (given its size) and the nature of its suppliers, as Sprouts purchases much more produce from local farmers who cannot wait to be paid.
Kroger’s much higher interest-bearing debt / assets (and much higher leverage ratio) reflect its long-standing decision to use debt as a primary form of financing. As a much
newer company, Sprouts faces considerable operating risk and cannot bear as much financial risk.
Kroger’s much lower interest coverage ratio reflects its decision to borrow a lot. As interest rates rise, this ratio could decrease more, and might even approach the 3.0 yellow flag threshold.
Note that the two companies are essentially the same in their DSO ratios, as they are both still grocery retail companies that do not extend their own credit to customers, and both have relatively short DIO and DPO ratios.
c.
Which company has performed more effectively? Cite specific ratios to support your answer.
The case for Sprouts:
Higher gross margin – so much higher that it compensates for the higher SG&A/Revenue and gives Sprouts the advantage on operating margin. As people continue to care about the quality and nutrition of their food (without paying premium prices), the strategy of emphasizing fresh produce is appealing.
Less financial risk with its much lower debt ratios and much higher interest coverage.
The case for Kroger:
SO much bigger – economies of scale on both SG&A and the use of its PP&E and significant power with its suppliers which may be important in the face of inflation.
Less operating risk with its much broader geographic reach and product range – so that it can manage its higher debt levels (which increase the return to shareholders).
Recent trends:
Even if you like Sprouts’ strategy, note that in 2021 – a good year for most grocery retailers – its revenue actually decreased by 6% (even as it increased its number of stores). The company explains that 2020 was an exceptionally high revenue year due to
the onset of the pandemic, and that in 2021 some of its competitors opened stores nearby and forced selling prices down. (I know of one town where Whole Foods did exactly that.) Revenue rebounded in 2022.
As mentioned above, Kroger’s times interest earned ratio is fairly low, and an increase in interest rates could push it lower. However, Kroger has carried this high level of debt for over 30 years without any financial distress. The company is enormous and steady.
Overall – Sprouts is riskier in its youth and its distinctive strategy, but may work out to generate a higher return….for shareholders who can bear the risk!
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- I need help with this study guide questionarrow_forward[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] The Slumber Store (TSS) is a national wholesaler of beds, mattresses, pillows, and sheets. Key totals from TSS's most recent and forecasted financial statements are presented in the table below. From the income statement Sales Revenue Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit From the balance sheet Inventories Last Year This Year Next Year $ 560,000 $ 615,000 346,500 405,250 213,500 209,750 $770,000 556,300 213,700 Last Year This Year Next Year $ 88,000 $ 101,808 $ 179,825 Required: 1. Use the financial statement totals to compute the company's actual inventory turnover ratio for this year and its forecasted inventory turnover ratio for next year. Also compute the days-to-sell for this year (actual) and next year (forecasted). Is inventory turnover expected to improve or worsen next year? 2. Use the financial statement totals to compute the company's actual gross profit percentage for this year and its forecasted gross profit…arrow_forwardUma Foodstuff Ltd. is a large chain of food stores. The financial statements for Uma Ltd. are given below. Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 2020 $m. $m. Revenue 145,000 160,000 Cost of sales 86,000 91,200 Gross profit 59,000 68,800 Selling and distribution expenses 17,500 17,600 Administrative expenses 7,500 6,400 Operating profit 34,000 44,800 Interest expense 2,000 400 Profit before taxation 32,000 44,400 Income tax expense 6,400 8,880 Net profit 25,600 35,520 Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2021 2020 $m. $m. ASSETS Non-current assets Land and buildings 40,000 68,600 Equipment 34,000 35,000 74,000 103,600 Current assets Inventories 20,000 12,000 Trade receivables 4,000 2,000 Cash 4,000 7,000…arrow_forward
- Selected financial data of Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. for a recent year are presented here (in millions). Target Corporation Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Income Statement Data for Year Net sales $61,471 $374,526 Cost of goods sold 41,895 286,515 Selling and administrative expenses 16,200 70,847 Interest expense 647 1,798 Other income (expense) 1,896 4,273 Income tax expense 1,776 6,908 Net income $2,849 $12,731 Balance Sheet Data (End of Year) Current assets $18,906 $47,585 Noncurrent assets 25,654 115,929 Total assets $44,560 $163,514 Current liabilities $11,782 $58,454 Long-term debt 17,471 40,452 Total stockholders' equity 15,307 64,608 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $44,560 $163,514 Target Corporation Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Beginning-of-Year Balances Total assets $37,349 $151,587 Total stockholders' equity 15,633 61,573 Current liabilities 11,117 52,148 Total liabilities 21,716 90,014 Other Data Average net accounts receivable $7,124 $3,247 Average inventory…arrow_forwardces Bigco Corporation is one of the nation's leading distributors of food and related products to restaurants, universities, hotels, and other customers. A simplified version of its recent income statement contained the following items (in millions). Cost of sales Income taxes Interest expense Net earnings Sales Earnings before income taxes. Selling, general, and administration expense Other revenues Total expenses (excluding income taxes) Total revenues $ 11,671 389 34 1,147 16,270 1,536 3,463 434 BIGCO CORPORATION Income Statement 15,168 16,704 Prepare an income statement for the year ended June 30, current year. (Hint: First order the items as they would appear on the income statement and then confirm the values of the subtotals and totals.) Note: Enter your answers in millions rather than in dollars (for example, 5,000 million should be entered as 5,000 rather than 5,000,000).arrow_forwardSelected hypothetical financial data of Target and Wal-Mart for 2022 are presented here (in millions). TargetCorporation Wal-MartStores, Inc. Income Statement Data for Year Net sales $66,400 $414,000 Cost of goods sold 45,000 302,000 Selling and administrative expenses 15,500 81,000 Interest expense 650 1,900 Other income (expense) (80 ) (400 ) Income tax expense 1,400 7,300 Net income $ 3,770 $ 21,400 Balance Sheet Data(End of Year) Current assets $17,000 $47,000 Noncurrent assets 26,700 120,000 Total assets $43,700 $167,000 Current liabilities $11,000 $56,000 Long-term debt 16,800 45,000 Total stockholders’ equity 15,900 66,000 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $43,700 $167,000…arrow_forward
- Selected hypothetical financial data of Target and Wal-Mart for 2022 are presented here (in millions). TargetCorporation Wal-MartStores, Inc. Income Statement Data for Year Net sales $66,400 $414,000 Cost of goods sold 45,000 302,000 Selling and administrative expenses 15,500 81,000 Interest expense 650 1,900 Other income (expense) (80 ) (400 ) Income tax expense 1,400 7,300 Net income $ 3,770 $ 21,400 Balance Sheet Data(End of Year) Current assets $17,000 $47,000 Noncurrent assets 26,700 120,000 Total assets $43,700 $167,000 Current liabilities $11,000 $56,000 Long-term debt 16,800 45,000 Total stockholders’ equity 15,900 66,000 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $43,700 $167,000…arrow_forwardPlease help mearrow_forwardI need help with this questionsarrow_forward
- Wendy’s International, Inc., and McDonald’s Corporation, two leading fast-food chains, are classified in SIC code 5812—Eating Places. Recent results for each company, along with industry averages, follow. Wendy’s McDonald’s Industry Average Return on assets 7.7 % 9.9 % 6.4 % Return on common stockholders’equity 11.9 % 17.7 % 14.0 % Net income as a percentage of sales 7.4 % 12.7 % 2.9 % Debt-to-equity ratio 0.67 0.98 1.04 How do Wendy’s and McDonald’s compare to the industry averages? Based on your analysis, would you consider these two companies to be industry leaders? Why or why not? The industry data reported here represent Dun and Bradstreet’s industry median. Dun and Bradstreet also reports industry norms for the upper quartile (top 25%) of companies in the industry. In the top quartile, return on assets was 15.1%, return on common stockholders’ equity was 34.7%,…arrow_forwardThe following table shows financial data (year 2004) for Costco Wholesale and Wal-Mart, two major U.S. retailers. costco ($m) walmart ($m) inventory 3,643.00 29,447.00 sales(net) 48,106.00 286,103.00 COGS 41,651.00 215,493.00 Assume that both companies have an average annual holding cost rate of 30 percent (i.e., it costs both retailers $3 to hold an item that they procured for $10 for one entire year). a. How many days, on average, does a product stay in Costco's inventory before it is sold? Assume that stores are operated 365 days a year. b. How much lower is, on average, the inventory cost for Costco compared to Wal-Mart of a household cleaner valued at $5 COGS? Assume that the unit cost of the household cleaner is the same for both companies and that the price and the inventory turns of an item are independent.arrow_forwardSuppose selected comparative statement data for the giant bookseller Barnes & Noble are as follows. All balance sheet data are as of the end of the fiscal year (in millions). 2022 2021 Net sales $5,250.5 $5,600.7 Cost of goods sold 3,000.0 3,800.7 Net income 85.3 160.6 Accounts receivable 75.1 100.0 Inventory 1,250.1 1,350.1 Total assets 2,850.0 3,150.0 Total common stockholders’ equity 880.0 1,100.5 Compute the following ratios for 2022. (Round asset turnover to 2 decimal places, e.g 1.83 and all other answers to 1 decimal place, e.g. 1.8 or 2.5%) (a) Profit margin enter profit margin in percentages rounded to 1 decimal places % (b) Asset turnover enter a number for asset turnover in times rounded to 2 decimal places times (c) Return on assets enter return on assets in percentages rounded to 1 decimal place % (d) Return on common stockholders’ equity enter…arrow_forward
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