Problem Set # 2 – Time Value of Money Solution
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Jan 9, 2024
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docx
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Corporate Finance
FI-300
1)
What is an
opportunity cost rate?
How is this rate used in discounted cash flow analysis?
Is the opportunity rate a single number that is used to evaluate all potential investments?
Ans-
Opportunity cost rate is the anticipated profits that an investor, individual or a
business owner sacrifices in order to yield from another investment. This is calculated
assuming that the risk involved in both investments is the same. It is an excellent tool used
by companies to make a decisive choice of one investment over the other and understand
the opportunities that they might end up missing.
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis - Discounted Cashflow Analysis is a valuation Method
which is used to determine the valuation of an investment based on its expected Future
cash flows. It helps in determining the value of an investment today based on how much
cash flows that investment will generate in the future.
Opportunity Cost plays an important role in DCF Analysis. Discounted Cash Flow
Analysis uses a discounted rate to evaluate the present value based on future value, this
discount rate is selected between alternative investments using the opportunity cost. For
example, $100 with a discount rate of 10% would be 110$ in a year thus indoor to select
the investments we need opportunity cost rate.
While Opportunity Cost rate is not included in accounting profits and is kept away from
the external Financing of the company, Opportunity Cost is not a fixed rate rather a
dynamic rate that changes depending upon the riskiness and maturity of the investment in
question. Another factor that influences the opportunity rate is the inflationary
expectations.
2)
If a firm’s earnings per share grew from $1 to $2 over a 10-year period, the
total
growth
would be 100%, but the
annual growth rate
would be
less than
10%.
True or
false? Explain.
(Hint: Solve for the interest rate. Make sure you put the PV or FV as a negative number.)
Ans
-
The example stated above is correct because it would provide an annual return of
7.18%. (Solved in excel)
3)
Would you rather have a savings account that pays 5% interest compounded semiannually
or one that pays interest compounded daily? Explain.
Ans
- I would prefer to have a savings account that pays interest compounded daily.
Compounding daily means that the interest is calculated and added to the account balance
every day, allowing for faster growth of the savings. This frequency of compounding
results in the account earning more interest over time compared to semiannual
compounding.
By compounding daily, even the small amounts of interest earned each day contribute to
the overall growth of the savings. This compounding effect can help maximize the returns
and lead to a higher final balance in the account. On the other hand, with semiannual
compounding, the interest is only added twice a year, which means the account has fewer
opportunities to generate interest on the accumulated interest.
Assuming an investment worth $1000 with a semiannual rate of 5% the total money
yielded after 10 years would be
$1,628.89. On the other hand, a similar investment in an
account that yields interest daily would return $1,648.66. This is because the greater the
number of compounding periods, the more the interest generated would be. (Solved in
excel)
4)
We sometimes need to find out how long it will take a sum of money (or
something else, such as earnings, population, or prices) to grow to some
specified amount. For example, if a company’s sales are growing at a rate of
20% how long will it take sales to double?
(Hint: Assume that your current level of sales is at 100 units and find out how
long it will
take to get to 200 units if sales grow at 20% each year. Solve for N.
Make sure you put
the PV or FV as a negative number.)
Ans
-
It will take 3.8 Years for the amount to double. (Solved in excel)
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Related Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The following are the factors to be considered in Suitability, except
A. Environment
B. Capabilities
C. Expectations
D. Scenarios
2. The ____________ for a firm is the internal rate of return on existing investments, based on real cash flows.
A. cash flow return on investment (CFROI)
B. Economic Value Added (EVA)
C. Total Shareholders Return
D. Return on Investment
3. The elements that must be considered in using EVA are as follows, except ___________.
A. Reasonableness of earnings
B. Appropriate cost of Capital
C. Volatility of the market
D. None of the above
arrow_forward
Profitability index. It is a ratio that provides information about the present value of net cash flows to the net investment. It provides a measure of the relative present value return for each dollar of initial investment. Discuss its usefulness. Should managers rely upon it? Consider its usefulness in a capital rationing situation (capital investment under conditions of financial restraint).
arrow_forward
Explain how you will apply in real life the following AXIOMS of FINANCIALMANAGEMENT AXIOM 1: RISK-RETURN TRADE OFFAXIOM 2: TIME VALUE OF MONEYAXIOM 3: CASH NOT PROFIT IS KINGAXIOM 4: INCREMENTAL CASH FLOWSAXIOM 5: EFFICIENT CAPITAL MARKETSAXIOM 6: THE CURSE OF COMPETITIVE MARKETSAXIOM 7: AGENCY PROBLEMAXIOM 8: TAXES BIAS BUSINESS DECISIONSAXIOM 9: ALL RISK IS NOT EQUALAXIOM 10: ETHICAL BEHAVIOR IS DOING THE RIGHT THING AND ETHICALDILEMMAS ARE EVERYWHERE IS FINANCE.
arrow_forward
Which of the following decision criteria is the easiest to use and very popular among investors?
O Payback period.
O Internal rate of return.
O Average accounting return.
Net present value.
O Discounted return on investment.
arrow_forward
B3 ) Do you think that these techniques(Payback period traditional, Discount payback period modern ,net present value and profitability index ) are really helpful to financial managers?
arrow_forward
Corporate finance is concerned with (i) what long-term investments the firm should choose, (in) how the firm should raise funds for selected investments, and (ili) how short-term assets should be managed and financed.
option 1: True
option 2: False
arrow_forward
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of options in the financial markets?
What is Cash conversion cycle? How the company can improve its cash conversion cycle? give three suggestions
arrow_forward
“By applying capital to investments with long-term benefits, the company is attempting to produce value. This value is dependent on expected future cash flows as well as on the cost of funds.”
1. Explain this statement with regards to the role of cost of capital in financial management decisions.
arrow_forward
1. Discuss the reasons why capital rationing may arise
2. Discuss the meaning of the term “relevant cash flow” in the context of investment appraisal, giving examples to illustrate your discussion.
arrow_forward
Buying assets that yield a return greater than the minimum acceptable hurdle rate is a part of which core principles of Finance.
a.
Financing principle
b.
Investment principle
c.
Dividend principle
d.
Cost principle
arrow_forward
Answer following questions:1.- What should an investor recognize if required rate on his fixed income investments, whose business model is to do branding, increases significantly?2.- What is understood by bringing values of an investment to “AMORTIZED COST”?
arrow_forward
Financial markets promote economic efficiency by *A.channeling funds from investors to savers.B. creating inflation.C.causing recessions.D. channeling funds from savers to investors.
arrow_forward
Distinguish between different levels of financial market efficiency. Give examples toillustrate your answer.
arrow_forward
Which of the following statements is true?
Group of answer choices
The Principle of Diversification states that investors are better off by investing in one asset.
The Principle of Diversification states that investors are better off by investing in different types of assets.
The Principle of Diversification states that investors are better off by investing in risk-free assets.
The Principle of Diversification states that investors are better off by investing in an industry of their choice.
arrow_forward
Which of the following does not assign a value to a business opportunity using time-value measurement tools?
Group of answer choices
A. internal rate of return (IRR) method
B. net present value (NPV)
C. discounted cash flow model
D. payback period method
arrow_forward
Firms will take investments only when expected risks are remunerated by expected profit. *
a. Incremental cash flows
b. Efficient capital markets
c. Risk-return trade-off
d. All risks are not equal
arrow_forward
Why would a company decide to pay
investors cash? What are the two ways to
give cash back to investors and talk about the
trade-off of those two regarding:
Tax considerations
Share price support/signaling
Flexibility
Offset dilution
Clientele effect, smoothing
PLEASE HELP, THANK YOŮ SO MUCH!!
arrow_forward
how do banks improve their net profit margin to increase Return on Equity? what are the risk implications ?
arrow_forward
Question A18
Which of the following is not an advantage of the NPV investment appraisal technique when compared with the ARR investment appraisal technique?
A
It shows the increase in shareholder wealth
B
It considers the time value of money
C
It is more complicated to calculate and understand
D
It allows risk to be factored in by adjusting the cost of capital
arrow_forward
We learned interest rates differ across firms, and it varies with a firm's investment
horizons because investors (or lenders) consider borrower's risk. But how do they decide or
evaluate the borrower's risk? Could you explain it combined with concepts or principles we
have learned? (Hint: the opportunity cost of capital, but not limited to.)
arrow_forward
a) One of the biggest problems for any economy is to figure out how to get or transfer money from people or firms who want to save (savers) to people or firms who want to borrow (investors). • Explain how financial markets can help to solve this problem efficiently. • Discuss how financial markets function and which tools they can offer to solve this problem. • Discuss how financial systems are of crucial significance to adequate capital formation, which is indispensable to a speedy economic growth and development. b) Analyze the relationship of financial development and economic growth/development. In other words, discuss how financial, especially capital, markets help economic growth and development.
arrow_forward
An investor wants to determine if his investment in Bulldogs Inc. gives him a good return. Which of the following is the most appropriate to use?
Total asset turnover
Operating profit margin
Times interest earned ratio
Dividend yield
arrow_forward
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Related Questions
- Multiple Choice Questions 1. The following are the factors to be considered in Suitability, except A. Environment B. Capabilities C. Expectations D. Scenarios 2. The ____________ for a firm is the internal rate of return on existing investments, based on real cash flows. A. cash flow return on investment (CFROI) B. Economic Value Added (EVA) C. Total Shareholders Return D. Return on Investment 3. The elements that must be considered in using EVA are as follows, except ___________. A. Reasonableness of earnings B. Appropriate cost of Capital C. Volatility of the market D. None of the abovearrow_forwardProfitability index. It is a ratio that provides information about the present value of net cash flows to the net investment. It provides a measure of the relative present value return for each dollar of initial investment. Discuss its usefulness. Should managers rely upon it? Consider its usefulness in a capital rationing situation (capital investment under conditions of financial restraint).arrow_forwardExplain how you will apply in real life the following AXIOMS of FINANCIALMANAGEMENT AXIOM 1: RISK-RETURN TRADE OFFAXIOM 2: TIME VALUE OF MONEYAXIOM 3: CASH NOT PROFIT IS KINGAXIOM 4: INCREMENTAL CASH FLOWSAXIOM 5: EFFICIENT CAPITAL MARKETSAXIOM 6: THE CURSE OF COMPETITIVE MARKETSAXIOM 7: AGENCY PROBLEMAXIOM 8: TAXES BIAS BUSINESS DECISIONSAXIOM 9: ALL RISK IS NOT EQUALAXIOM 10: ETHICAL BEHAVIOR IS DOING THE RIGHT THING AND ETHICALDILEMMAS ARE EVERYWHERE IS FINANCE.arrow_forward
- Which of the following decision criteria is the easiest to use and very popular among investors? O Payback period. O Internal rate of return. O Average accounting return. Net present value. O Discounted return on investment.arrow_forwardB3 ) Do you think that these techniques(Payback period traditional, Discount payback period modern ,net present value and profitability index ) are really helpful to financial managers?arrow_forwardCorporate finance is concerned with (i) what long-term investments the firm should choose, (in) how the firm should raise funds for selected investments, and (ili) how short-term assets should be managed and financed. option 1: True option 2: Falsearrow_forward
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of options in the financial markets? What is Cash conversion cycle? How the company can improve its cash conversion cycle? give three suggestionsarrow_forward“By applying capital to investments with long-term benefits, the company is attempting to produce value. This value is dependent on expected future cash flows as well as on the cost of funds.” 1. Explain this statement with regards to the role of cost of capital in financial management decisions.arrow_forward1. Discuss the reasons why capital rationing may arise 2. Discuss the meaning of the term “relevant cash flow” in the context of investment appraisal, giving examples to illustrate your discussion.arrow_forward
- Buying assets that yield a return greater than the minimum acceptable hurdle rate is a part of which core principles of Finance. a. Financing principle b. Investment principle c. Dividend principle d. Cost principlearrow_forwardAnswer following questions:1.- What should an investor recognize if required rate on his fixed income investments, whose business model is to do branding, increases significantly?2.- What is understood by bringing values of an investment to “AMORTIZED COST”?arrow_forwardFinancial markets promote economic efficiency by *A.channeling funds from investors to savers.B. creating inflation.C.causing recessions.D. channeling funds from savers to investors.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
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