Journal Entry Week 8

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American Military University *

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Health Science

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Hello class, For our final discussion I chose the topic on obesity. The study I selected was a comparative analysis of the difference between the results of a weight loss diet and the results a weight loss diet plus an exercise intervention. The study involved 337 overweight and obese adults in Greece and was conducted over an 18-week period. Participants were split into two groups, one identified as the Diet Only (DO) group and the other was identified as the Diet and Exercise group (DE). Both groups were put on a calorie restricted diet of 1500 +/- 200 Kcals, but the DE group was directed to follow additional ACSM activity guidelines, specifically “ moderate intensity activity level (5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30 minutes per day, ACSM) and behavior modification consultation” (Philippou et al., 2012). Anthropometrical data was collected from participants during a baseline period and at the end of the 18-week intervention. The measurements taken consisted of a fasted bodyweight, height, waist circumference measurement, body fat percentage and lean body mass measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Each participant’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the weight and height measurements and enabled researchers to classify the participants as either overweight or obese depending on their BMI. Overweight participants had BMIs between 25-29.9 Kg/m 2 , and obese participants has BMIs of 30 Kg/m 2 or higher (Philippou et al., 2012). The results of the study found that while both the DO and DE groups experienced decreases in weight, BMI, and waist circumference, the amount of body fat percentage and weight loss were significantly greater in the DE group. The DE group also experienced a lower decrease in lean body mass, meaning that they were able to retain more muscle during the study

because of the exercise intervention (Philippou et al., 2012). This study shows that exercise intervention combined with a healthy diet is most effective to positively affect body composition and avoid long-term health complications. Dave Reference Philippou, C., Andreou, E., Menelaou, N., Hajigeorgiou, P., & Papandreou, D. (2012). Effects of diet and exercise in 337 overweight/obese adults. Hippokratia , 16 (1), 46–50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738392/ Reply 1: Dr. Tiffany Reiss Dr. Reiss, While BMI is certainly the measurement tool that is utilized most often due to its ease of use and cost effectiveness, it does pose several accuracy issues. The main issue is that BMI does not differentiate between lean body mass and body fat (The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2016). This was an issue for several people I know in the Air Force when they began using BMI as part of the fitness assessment, I have a few friends who are into bodybuilding and are considered overweight on the BMI scale due to their heavy body weight in comparison to their height, even when they have relatively small waists. For this reason, the Air Force also uses a waist measurement for the fitness assessment to improve the overall accuracy. There are several other tools available to measure body composition, each with different limiting factors and varied accuracies. I have been fortunate enough at my past several bases to have access to a “Bod Pod”, which uses air-displacement plethysmography to measure body composition based on differences in air pressure (The President and Fellows of Harvard College,

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