Discussion 22

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California Baptist University *

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Management

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May 30, 2024

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1. There is always resistance when trying to lead transformational change, but in this situation, the forms of resistance met were to overcome the traditions Penn State football had. Many of the stakeholders wanted to make sure the traditions were not lost in the scandal. They also had to prove that the offender of the scandal was not the reason the program was successful. Penn State had to deal with stakeholders believing the program had lost control and its future was uncertain. Whether broad or narrow in scope, change can be prompted by internal or external pressures, which are responded to proactively or reactively by organizations (Burton, Borland, & Kane, 2019). These internal and external pressures helped lead the way to Penn States address the scandal and create a strategy. Overtime the strategy proved successful in restoring some rapport. Penn State led their change by completely changing their leadership of the program and implemented new policies to ensure nothing of this magnitude happens again. They also had employees go through training and used these new policies to help restore the public image of Penn State. Even with the stakeholder’s resistance to change, over time they saw the benefits of the changes and continue to make strides to help fight this scandal. 2. Within the Penn State case study, multiple environmental constraints take place. The first constraint is the organization’s traditions and history. Changes that might seem to be conflicting with traditions and history can be met with resistance because the stakeholders do not want to change how specific things are done. Penn State had a rich history of success, so deviating from that was difficult for some stakeholders. Over time the changes would prove effective, and the image of Penn State has improved as a result. Another constraint they must deal with is the internal politics of the organization. Sports programs always have multiple stakeholders, so if some changes go against some of the stakeholders’ personal agendas, then they can create resistance to specific changes. 3. I believe transformational leadership is necessary to organizational changes. According to Peng et al., (2021) transformational leadership exhibited a positive relationship with commitment to change, openness to change, and readiness for change. On the other hand, it had a negative correlation with resistance to change and cynicism about change. A transformational leader is more invested in change than most other leadership styles. To create such a huge change, the transformational leader must invest in the changes and have a higher level of engagement. This increased level of engagement would also increase employee performance and effectiveness compared to a transactional leadership style (Stewart, 2006). A transformational leader is more likely to believe in the changes instead of just following orders. In comparison, a transactional leader would not be beneficial because there really isn’t anything to gain by providing incentives for this specific set of changes. Likewise, a servant leader would not be helpful because this situation is not about serving the organization; rather, it’s about changing and preventing child abuse. In order to do that, you must change the way an organization handles situations, this requires changing the perceptions of how an organization is viewed. Therefore, a
transformational leadership style is the best way to address these issues and help guide the organization in moving forward. References Burton, L. J., Borland, J. F., & Kane, G. M. (2019). Sport Leadership in the 21st Century (2nd Edition). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Retrieved from: https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781284184297 Peng, J., Li, M., Wang, Z., & Lin, Y. (2021). Transformational leadership and employees’ reactions to organizational change: Evidence from a meta-analysis. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 57 (3), 369-397. Stewart, G. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of relationships between team design features and team performance. Journal of Management 32 (1), 29–55.
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