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Final Design Project
Brecklyn Beyer
December 8, 2023
ME 416: Renewable Energy Systems
1
Table of Contents
Introduction
.............................................................................................................................................
3
Changes to Systems
.............................................................................................................................
3
System Name + Changes
.....................................................................................................................
4
Why I made the changes
......................................................................................................................
6
Calculations/costs
................................................................................................................................
7
Conclusion
...........................................................................................................................................
8
References
...........................................................................................................................................
9
2
Table of Figures and Tables
Table 1. Old Vs New System
.......................................................................................................................
8
Figure 1. New Water Heater
4
Figure 2. Solar AC Unit
.................................................................................................................................
4
Figure 3. Backup Furnace
.............................................................................................................................
5
Figure 4. Solar Panels
...................................................................................................................................
5
Figure 5. Solar Panel 2020 vs 2021 Comparsion
..........................................................................................
5
Figure 6. PV Comparison
..............................................................................................................................
6
Figure 7. Generator
......................................................................................................................................
6
Figure 8. Outdoor Wood Boiler
....................................................................................................................
7
3
Figure 1. New Water Heater
Figure 2. Solar AC Unit
Introduction
With conserving energy there are many different ideas that come to mind. For instance, renewable energy systems provide energy without worrying about paying the electric bill to a local electric company. Some changes within the household may be changed to different appliance installed, appliances removed, or unplugging unused objects within the house. The main idea of this report is to add more renewable energy systems and changing some systems within the cabin itself. The following sections more thoroughly explain these changes. Changes to Systems
From the cabin design, there are many appliances that can be evaluated to determine if any will be used and if any were to never be used. Basically the prints determine the layout of the house so with what is shown, there are many appliances that can be switched out or possibly removed from the lack of use. These can be found in the results section where more reasoning is provided. The main idea is to find issues with in the house and from the energy data, research what ideas are possible to save at least 50% or more energy from the calculated results.
Some changes made to this system, for example, the air conditioner and furnace were replaced with ones that run off of solar panels and a wood boiler. When adding a wood boiler, the water heater was replaced to full off of the wood boiler but will use propane for a backup. Another improvement made was that the appliances
were changed out to energy star
appliances in order to reduce
unused energy when no one is
present in the household. The system will already have a propane tank which
will be used to generate the power for the generator when needed as
well as a backup for heating using a furnace that runs off of propane
only. This would be used when the house is empty and mostly during
the winter to ensure a constant temperature of seventy degrees. The
model below has been known to run off of 96 percent efficiency so the
heat would be running at a rate fairly reasonable with this system. 4
Figure 3. Backup Furnace
Figure 4. Solar Panels
Figure 5. Solar Panel 2020 vs 2021 Comparison
Figure 6. PV Comparison
System Name + Changes
Solar panels, a backup generator, and wood boiler were all renewable energy systems added to the cabin for the main energy source where a significance overall cost per year was demonstrated to have been less than the original design. “Solar PV systems cost about $3 per watt installed. A 7,000 watt (7 kilowatt) system therefore costs about $21,000 to install. Such a system would provide 20 to 35 kilowatt-hours of electricity per day, depending on climate, and could meet most of a household’s demand.” [7]
From comparing different solar systems, the initial cost for installation was significantly different due to the different wattage and efficiency. The solar panels that would be
the most beneficial would be a
22Kw where about 20 panels
would be purchased. These would be placed in the back
yard and placed at a neutral axis where other systems
can generate power if needed. From a comparison from
2020 to 2021 the cost installation has decreased and the
efficiency of the panels are relatively the same. The
comparison below is for this solar panel that has been
used previously and since its shown to have a better
efficiency the overall power would be able to produce
for the necessary outlets, appliances, as well as being
able to power an automatic air conditioner as well. Likewise, the levelized cost of energy from these two
similar solar panels were compared in 2020 where the
chosen solar panel is more efficient and provided a
lower cost of energy. These panels from the study
would be the most beneficial choice due to the
neutralized angle where an average power is consumed, and the
overall power would be sufficient enough to run the house. Similarly, using fuel-based
generators can create the
necessary power to run the
house throughout the day.
5
Figure 7. Generator
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Related Questions
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O
O
n
t
e
n
t
Explore some of the projects described by William
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• What became of them? Consider the gap
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generation. Discuss how this gap relates to the
perspectives given in the other TED talks as
●
well.
Do you agree with the presenters' perspectives
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operate). You are given the compression ratio for the cylinders in the engine, which is the ratio of the initial volume of the cylinder
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mixture enters the cylinder at a temperature of 26.0 °C, and that the gas behaves like an ideal gas with y-7/5.
(a) If the compression ratio is 14.9:1, what is the final temperature of the gas if the compression is adiabatic?
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2a
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University of Basrah - College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Subject: Power Plant I
Class: Fourth
Examiner: Dr. Ahmad A. M Alsahlani
Notes: Giving Sketches is compulsory wherever needed (Total Ma
Q1] Answer the following que
Exam: Final-Exam
Date: 11/09/2023
Time: 2 Hours
1- Explain how the Geothermal Energy can be utilized to generate electricity.
2- State the two classifications of energy sources and give three examples for each.
3- State three advantages and three disadvantages of using Gas Turbine Power Plant.
4- What are the reasons that lead to a deviation in the ideal gas turbine cycle?
5- Draw a block diagram for a regenerative Rankin Cycle using one open feed water
heater.
Q2]
A closed cycle gas-turbine power plant has a pressure ratio of 10. The air temperature is
35 C at the compressor inlet and 1127 C at the turbine inlet. The received energy at the Qi
combustion chamber is 794 kJ/kg. Assume the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is
95%. Determine…
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Q1: What are the advantages and challenges of renewable energy resources?
Q2: Discuss potential sources and uses of biomass as an energy source.
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5) One type of PV module consists of 72 cells and the size of each cell is 0.125 m x 0.125 m.
The electricity conversion efficiency of the module under standard test conditions is 14%.
Reference Temperature (Tr) =25°C
(i)
A shopping centre open 24 hours a day and 365 days a year is artificially lit
continuously by 200 (number of the bulbs) 15W ( power of each bulb) compact
fluorescent light bulbs. Determine the annual energy generation (kWh) required
from a photovoltaic system to meet the annual demand for the lighting.?
(ii)
Estimate the power output of one module and the number of modules required to
generate total lighting power of this shopping centre at 962 W/m2 insolation and
60°C cell temperature, assuming that the temperature coefficient of the module
power is 0.5%/°C;
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Please explain how part b is broken down and the result
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9.1
We want to get an idea of the actual mass of 235U involved in powering a nuclear power
plant. Assume that a single fission event releases 200 MeV of thermal energy. A 1,000
MW, electric power plant has a thermal power of approximately 3,000 MWh-
a.
What rate of fission reactions is required to produce this power? (Note: 1 eV = 1.6
x 10-¹9 J.)
b.
The reactor core consists of approximately 100 tonnes of UO₂ (1 tonne = 1,000
kg), which is enriched in 2U to 4%. How many full-power years could the reactor
operate if all of the 235U were to be fissioned? What factors prevent such complete
depletion of the 25U from occurring?
C.
Under the 2U depletion scenario of part b, what mass of fission products and
what mass of high-level wastes (HLW) would be produced?
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Show Complete Solution
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1 - qin/qout
worknet/qout
worknet/qin
1 - qout/qin
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the albedo is reduced to nearly 20%. Let's assume that Earth's ability to reflect incoming solar
radiation is negligible. The Earth's surface radiates 240 W/m2, all of which is absorbed by the
atmosphere. Assuming that Earth can be modeled as a blackbody emitter and incoming/outgoing
energy as shown in the schematic, find the following quantities:
a) The "nuclear winter" temperature [°C] of the surface of the Earth
b) X, the rate [W/m²] at which radiation is emitted from the atmosphere to space
c) Y, the rate [W/m²] of absorption of short-wavelength solar radiation at the Earth's surface
d) Z, the rate [W/m2] at which the atmosphere radiates energy to the Earth's surface
Incoming 342 W/m²
Reflected to space X…
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1. The following details were noted in a test on a single-cylinder four-stroke
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rpm; fuel consumption = 0.0475 kg/min; calorific value of fuel = 42,000
kJ/kg; the difference in tension on either side of the brake pulley = 400 N;
brake circumference = 2.2 m; length of the indicator diagram = 50 mm;
area of positive loop of indicator diagram = 475 mm²; area of negative
loop = 25 mm?; spring constant = 0.8333 bar per mm.
Calculate:
d) The Brake thermal efficiency, in percent
kg
e) The Brake Specific Fuel Consumption,
bkW-hr
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COMBUSTION ENGINEERING
1. The following details were noted in a test on a single-cylinder four-stroke
oil engine: bore = 150 mm; stroke = 160 mm; speed of engine = 500
rpm; fuel consumption = 0.0475 kg/min; calorific value of fuel = 42,000
kJ/kg; the difference in tension on either side of the brake pulley = 400 N;
brake circumference = 2.2 m; length of the indicator diagram = 50 mm;
area of positive loop of indicator diagram = 475 mm2; area of negative
loop = 25 mm?; spring constant = 0.8333 bar per mm.
Calculate:
a) The Brake Power in kW
b) The Indicated power in kW
c) The mechanical efficiency
d) The Brake thermal efficiency, in percent
kg
e) The Brake Specific Fuel Consumption,
bkW hr
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(b) An isothermal compression to a pressure of 800 kPa
(c) An isobaric cooling to a temperature of 500 K
(d) An appropriate isothermal expansion to close the cycle
Note: The chart should be drawn to scale, neatly accurately. Use a ruler and label your axis.
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treatment systems that are to be compared at a
MARR of 11% per year. Determine the savings
between the alternative to be selected and the
next one.
Shown in the table are the cash flows for 4 water treatment systems that are to be compared at a MARR of 11% per year. Determine the savings between the alternative to be selected and the
next one.
Life n, years
Capital Investment, $
Salvage Value, S
Revenue, S
4
6
12
150,000
175,000
250,000
450,000
15,000
5,000
30,500
60,000
60,500
65,000
75,000
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The following problem can be solved using the generalized conservation and accounting
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Operating information:
●
●
The plant operates 9 hours each day, 5 days each week, and 48 weeks each year.
The plant purchases 30 tons of aluminum (at a rate of $0.02/lb) during each operating
week.
The plant has 5 full-time employees who are paid $18 per hour. All employees work
during all of the plant's operating hours.
The plant produces 7 bales of recycled aluminum per day, which it sells for $950 per bale.
[Note: 1 ton = 2000 lb]
Answer the following questions:
(c) In order to determine the plant's annual profitability, would one be interested in studying
the instantaneous rate of change in "stuff" (i.e. rate form) or the total change in "stuff"
over an interval (i.e. finite-time form)?
(d) On a system diagram (hint: think dashed lines!), use labeled arrows to identify each
individual input and output of "stuff".
(e)…
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Problem 2.3
The following problem can be solved using the generalized conservation and accounting
principle to determine if a recycling plant is profitable annually.
Operating information:
●
●
The plant operates 9 hours each day, 5 days each week, and 48 weeks each year.
The plant purchases 30 tons of aluminum (at a rate of $0.02/lb) during each operating
week.
The plant has 5 full-time employees who are paid $18 per hour. All employees work
during all of the plant's operating hours.
The plant produces 7 bales of recycled aluminum per day, which it sells for $950 per bale.
[Note: 1 ton = 2000 lb]
Answer the following questions:
(a) Identify the system (in words).
(b) Identify the "stuff" you are accounting for in this analysis.
(c) In order to determine the plant's annual profitability, would one be interested in studying
the instantaneous rate of change in "stuff" (i.e. rate form) or the total change in "stuff"
over an interval (i.e. finite-time form)?
(d) On a system diagram (hint:…
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39 -
A fixed volume insulated tank, which was initially empty, was connected by a valve to a distribution line carrying helium gas at a temperature of 125ºC. The valve is opened first and closed when the pressure is the same as the distribution line pressure. What is the final internal energy of helium in the tank? (Internal energy of the warehouse in the final state = Enthalpy of the distribution line). (Cp=5.1926) will be taken.
a)
2066.7 kJ/kg
B)
2014.7 kJ/kg
NS)
701.0 kJ/kg
D)
649.1 kJ/kg
TO)
2118.6 kJ/kg
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ASSIGNMENT
Issue Date: 14.12.2020
Date of submission: 21.12.2020
1. a) In a certain process, 675 J of heat is absorbed by a system while 290 J of work is done on the system.
What is the change in internal energy for the process? Determine also the net work done and change in
internal energy
if the processes are assumed to be
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Given that the overall efficiency of the above natural gas fired power plant to customer using electricity is 37% illustrate on the above sketch, where the losses occur and the approximate scale of the different losses?
b) Draw the corresponding Sankey diagram for the above assuming 100 units of input natural gas energy
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5. Stress-strain calculation, heat transfer,
and dynamic simulation are forms of: *
Productivity efficiency
Engineering analysis
Documentation
Data base optimization
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situation under control, Dehumidifiers work on the principle that when air is cooled, its ability to hold moisture decreases
Therefore, the dehumidifier consists of a cabinet-like structure containing a refrigeration coll. As the room air blows over this coil.
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directed by a hose to a floor drain),
A curious home owner wonders how much water will be collected in a 12 hour period. He empties the bucket at the start of the
test and comes back exactly twelve hours later to see how much water has been collected.
Calculate the amount of water that would be collected in a twelve-hour period if 1.15 cubic metres per…
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(D) lower energy density per unit volume and per unit mass
2. A new hydroelectric power plant proposed for the Mississippi River near St. Louis
is advertised as "delivering 438,000 megawatt-hours of renewable electricity to the
region annually". What is the average power output of the plant?
(A) 50 MW
(B) 1.2 GW
(C) 438 GW
(D) 438 MW
3. A car accelerates from 0 to 60 miles/hour in 6 seconds. What is a good estimate
of the power output of the engine?
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(B) the chemical energy of the gasoline consumed during the acceleration
(C) the thermal energy produced by the engine during the acceleration
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