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Mechanical Engineering

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Oct 30, 2023

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- The Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System 205 Table 13.4 (continued) Muscle Comments Origin Insertion Action Thorax, Deep: Muscles of Respiration (Figure 13.8) Sxiernal intercostals 11 pairs lie between Inferior border of rib above ~ Superior border of rib Pull ribs toward one another to elevate 1 ribs; fibers run obliquely (not shown in figure) below €2ge; aid in inspiration downward and forward toward sternum - 16 depress iy <age: ‘nternal intercostals 11 pairs lie between ribs; Superior border of rib Inferior border of rib above Draw ribs together to depress g fibers run deep and at right below (not shown in figure) aid in forced expiration; antagonistic to angles to those of external external intercostals intercostals Prima mover of inspirstion flatiens on Diaphragm Broad muscle; forms floor lnferio[ border of rib and Central tendon cont;:‘:fiIO'n increasing vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity; dome- sternum, costal cartilages e thou:aX' ir'|creases e Rdominal shaped in relaxed state; of last six ribs and lumbar e 4 fibers converge from vertebrae P margins of thoracic cage > toward a central tendon oy r";\“‘:;!““ exfen t\\ e 1 ' \ Q - 4 W | Figure 13.8 Deep muscles of the thorax: muscles of respiration. (a) The external intercostals (inspiratory muscles) are shown on the left, and the internal intercostals (expiratory muscles) are shown on the right. These two muscle layers run obliquely and at nght angles to each other. (b) Inferior view of the diaphragm, the prime mover of inspiration. Notice that its muscle fibers converge toward a central tendon, an arrangement that causes the diaphragm to Diaphram flatten and move inferiorly as it contracts. The diaphragm and its tendon are pierced by the Jreat vessels (aorta angd inferior vena cava) and the esophagus.
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