annotated-Midterm_ECE%20532_W23-%20Chaitanya%20Sai%20Natra-1 (1)

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University of Michigan, Dearborn *

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ECE 532

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Mechanical Engineering

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Oct 30, 2023

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1 Name: Chaitanya Sai Natra ECE 532 Midterm Exam Total Points: 200 March 15, 2023; due on Mach 16, 2023 @ 11:59pm NOTE : For your solutions answer the questions completely showing ALL your work for full credit. 1. Fill in the blanks or circle the correct answer (3 pts each) ( 75 points) a. MEMS have infiltrated the automated sensor market in both the inlet manifold pressure sensor and airbag accelerometer. b. Because RTD is a resistor, there is an I 2 R power dissipated by the device that causes a slight heating effect, a self-heating . c. The linear range of an amplifier is finite, and limited by the supply voltage and the characteristics of the amplifier. d. Proximity sensors are usually used as switches to provide a clear indication when a certain preset distance is reached. e. RTD is a temperature sensor that is based on the principle that metal resistance increasing with temperature. f. The capacitance between 2 plates is determined by three things: 1. Gap Size 2. Size of the plates 3. Materials between the plates g. The Resolution of a coil-type potentiometer is determined by the number of turns in the coil. h. F : The following diagram shows a High Pass Filter. i. The sensitivity of a Strain Gauge is described in terms of a characteristic called gauge factor defined as the unit of change in resistance per unit change in length. j. Thermocouple: Seebeck Effect is the conversion of temperature differences directly into electricity. k. The Critical frequency is the frequency for which the ratio of the input voltage is approximately 0.707. l. Gross errors: these are generally the fault of the person using the instruments. m. When mechanical stress or strain is applied to the piezoelectric material, generates an electric charge and associated potential difference. n. Passive Filters consists of RCL networks. o. A Diaphragm is like a spring and therefore extends or contracts until force developed that balances the pressure difference.

2 p. Wheatstone Bridge : The primary application of this bridge in signal conditioning is to convert variations of resistance into variation of voltage. q. The degree to which the numerical data spread out about the average value is called variation of the data. r. Thermistors are quite robust and they provide a fast response time and high sensitivity. s. OP-Amps are electronic devices which are enormous generic use for signal processing. t. Strain is the geometrical expressions of deformation caused by the action of stress on the physical body. u. Stray Capacitance – Any wire in the real world environment has a finite capacitance with respect to ground. v. AC Bridges are used mainly to detect changes in inductance and/or capacitance. w. T : Concrete has a higher acoustic reflectance than acoustic tile x. Mechatronics – combination of the following disciplines: mechanical, electrical, telecommunication, control and computer engineering. y. A common use is the Lux(unit) which measures apparent brightness. 2. In Lecture 4 material we reviewed a section on thermocouples, describe the Seebeck effect in your own word. (20 points) Note: list your reference(s) for full credit – non-peered review articles are ok for this problem. Google searches are ok just make sure you copy the link in your references. Using lecture are ok, but you will need at least one other reference. References: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect#Seebeck_effect • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/seeb eck-effect • https://instrumentationtools.com/seebeck -effect-theory/ 3. An Accelerometer has a mass of 50 grams and a spring constant of 2500 N/m Maximum mass displacement is +/- 0.75 in. (before the mass hits the stops). Calculate the maximum measurable acceleration in g. ( 20 points ) 4. For an RTD, discuss in part a. and solve the problem in part b. (20 points) Note: For part a) list your reference(s) for full credit – non-peered review articles are ok for this problem. Google searches are ok just make sure you copy the link in your references. Using lecture are ok, but you will need at least one other reference. a) What are they in detail and discuss their importance?

3 b) Cons ider a 300Ω RT D that is made from Platinum wire. How long is the platinum wire if its diameter is 0.13mm? (ρ = 10.5 µΩ * cm) Reference: • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/resistance -temperature-detector • https://www.birkmfg.com/blog/rtd -sensors-understanding-their-functioning-advantages/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_thermometer#Function • https://www.elprocus.com/a -memoir-on-rtd-sensors/ 5. In class, we examined, and automobile cruise control system represented as a block diagram consisting of a “Controller”, a “Plant”, a “Sensor”, and an “Actuator”. (25 points total) a. Generate a similar diagram for the temperature control for a home (heating or cooling) including all the inputs, feedback loop, output, and the Disturbances. (15 points) b. In a sentence or two, explain the logic the controller might use. Is the controller you describe static or dynamic? Explain (10 points) 6. We have discussed the PID controller in class, Lecture 5. Calculate only the next 3 lines from the table below. Complete at least 1 row by hand showing all your work for full credit (NOTE: You can use Excel to check your work and solve the problem. If so, submit your Excel file with the midterm. You can also calculate it by hand. If you calculated it by hand, again you must show hand calculations for at least 1 of the rows ) – (35 points)

4 S.NO Actual speed Desired engine speed Error prop Int Derivative Total Current throttle position degrees to move new throttle position speed correction 0.01 1200 950 250 -75 -1.25 -50 -126.25 10 -1.2625 8.7375 -126.25 0.02 1073.75 950 123.75 -37.125 -1.86875 25.25 -13.74375 8.7375 -0.1374375 8.6000625 -13.74375 0.03 1060.00625 950 110.00625 -33.00188 -2.418781 2.74875 -32.67191 8.6000625 -0.326719063 8.2733434 -32.671906 0.04 1027.33434 950 77.3343438 -23.2003 -2.805453 6.5343812 -19.47137 8.2733434 -0.194713748 8.0786297 -19.471375 I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this work. Signed: Chaitanya Sai Natra Date: 03/16/2023

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