Case Study 3 Toyota Spaghetti Logic - Okamoto
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Case Study – Toyota’s Spaghetti Logic
Background
On August 28, 2009 a California man was driving with three of his family
members when the car accelerated to 100 mph, crashed and killed all four
passengers.
In September, Toyota announced that the fault was due to the floor mat
getting stuck.
More reports come in of unexpected acceleration.
Toyota blames drivers for confusing the gas and brake pedals.
The National Highway Safety Administration receives over 6,200 complaints
of sudden acceleration in Toyota vehicles; including 89 deaths.
A class action lawsuit (a lawsuit where the one of the parties is a group of
people) brought in experts to examine what went wrong.
What went wrong?
Cars are built with embedded systems for functionality such as braking,
ignition, security, audio, and GPS.
1.
What are some critical systems in a car, besides the braking system, that
could result in a loss of life if there’s a failure?
Some critical systems in a car that could result in a loss of life if there is a
failure include the ignition and steering and suspension. Cars are basically
dangerous boxes on wheels.
When Toyota’s source code was examined it found, among other things, an
excessive use of global variables.
Upon closer examination, it was
determined that most of these could have been local static variables.
2.
Reading through the article
"Toyota Unintended Acceleration and the Big
Bowl of 'Spaghetti' Code"
, how many global variables did Toyota use?
Toyota used more than 10,000 global variables.
3.
As a secure coding specialist, what is the danger of using global variables?
Using global variables can make programs/codes less understandable and
can cause bugs because they can cause things like shadowing, aliasing,
implicit coupling, etc.
The code was also described as being ‘spaghetti’ like.
4.
What is meant by the term ‘spaghetti’ code, and why should it be
avoided?
The term “spaghetti code” refers to codes that are
unorganized/unstructured and hard to understand/read. It should be
avoided because it can cause cyber security risks and can make it hard to
find and fix bugs.
Some of the other issues with the code were:
o
Uninitialized variables
o
Concurrency issues
o
No mitigation in case of a stack overflow
o
Variables declared, but not used
o
A 16-byte array initialized with 17 bytes
o
Lack of comments throughout code
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●
●
●
●
●
●
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• View Available Hint(s)
Figure
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%3D
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