111
pdf
School
Oregon State University, Corvallis *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
530
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
18
Uploaded by CoachHerring1955
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Midterm
Started:
May
16
at
8:07pm
Quiz
Instructions
The
exam
is
open
book
and
open
notes.
You
may
consult
with
your
classmates
on
strategy,
but
the
work
must
be
your
own.
Question
1
2
pts
The
recently
closed
Boardman
coal
plant
in
Boardman,
OR
has
a
campus
of
approximately
2
square
km,
and
a
rated
power
output
of
550
MW.
(It
was
permanently
closed
on
Oct
15
2020.)
A
satellite
image
of
the
facility
is
shown
below.
Assume
the
coal
plant
has
a
capacity
factor
of
72.6%.
How
much
energy
(in
MWh)
does
the
coal
plant
produce
in
a
year?
N
vl
AN
-~
Cr
N
-
-
%
"
At
)/
s
~
—
i
«
3%
N\
i
3%
;
e
S
&\
ths
n
-
4
L
-
‘.
-
L
"of""u-‘vhwn.h""
>
B
.
-
=gk
"
o
=
-
\.\
-
Pt
e
‘..',.,l;_"’
SR
N
b
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-
e
)
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4
-
2
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e
»
A
A
4
.
&
L
Y
S
.:,,,:‘
.‘*,«
Rl
T
AV
TS
Report
a
problem
|
K
3,497,868
Question
2
2
pts
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/2768434/take
1/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Assume
a
wind
farm
of
300
Vestas
V90
2
MW
wind
turbines
is
being
considered
as
a
replacement
for
the
coal
plant.
Assume
a
wind
capacity
factor
of
30.7%.
How
much
energy
(in
MWh)
does
the
wind
farm
produce
in
a
year?
1,613,592
The
questions
below
utilize
the
wind
turbine
power
curve
below.
The
turbine
power
is
the
dark
trace
with
diamond
markers,
using
the
y-axis
scale
on
the
left.
The
coefficient
of
power
is
the
light
trace
with
circle
markers,
using
the
y-axis
scale
on
the
right.
Assume
this
turbine
is
deployed
in
a
location
with
an
average
wind
speed
of
7
m/s.
I
Power
P
[kW]
Power
coefficient
Cp
[-]
O
S
S
S
S
>
()
60
2,000
1,750
0.50
L2
0.40
1,250
1,000
0.30
750
0.20
500
0.10
250
0
0.00
0
5
10
15
20
25
Wind
speed
v
at
hub
height
[m/s]
Question
3
1
pts
What
is
the
wind
turbine
rated
power
(in
kW)?
2,100
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/2768434/take
2/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Question
4
1
pts
What
is
the
turbine
maximum
coefficient
of
power,
as
a
percentage
of
the
Betz
limit?
(Answer
in
percent,
no
%
sign.)
84.7
Question
5
2
pts
At
a
wind
speed
of
9
m/s,
how
much
wind
power
is
moving
through
the
turbine
swept
area?
(Answer
in
kW.)
2,500
Question
6
1
pts
What
are
boundaries
of
region
I117?
@
13
m/sto
25
m/s
O
2m/sto
13
m/s
(O
2m/sto
7
m/s
O
0m/sto2m/s
(O
7
m/sto
25
m/s
Question
7
1
pts
In
region
llI:
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/2768434/take
3/18
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2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
(O
The
turbine
speed
and
blade
pitch
are
fixed.
@
The
turbine
speed
is
fixed
and
the
blade
pitch
is
variable.
(O
The
turbine
speed
is
variable
and
the
blade
pitch
is
fixed.
(O
The
turbine
speed
and
blade
pitch
are
variable.
(O
The
wind
speed
is
too
high
and
the
turbine
is
shut
down.
Question
8
1
pts
What
is
the
average
turbine
output
power?
(Assume
ug
is
the
wind
speed
and
f(ug)
is
the
wind
speed
probability
density
function.)
O
<
Purbine
>=
[y
Prurbine
(u0)®
f(uo)
dug
O
<
Pubine
>=
Prurbine
(wo)
[y
f(uo)
dug
®
<
Purbine
>=
[,
Prurbine
(o)
f(uo)
dug
O
<
Purtine
>=
[y
5PAturbine
w3
f(uo)
dug
O
<
P,
turbine
—
—
P,
rated
fOoo
U%
f
(UO)
duO
Question
9
1
pts
Assume
a
potential
wind
site
is
characterized
with
Rayleigh
distribution
f(ug)
with
a
mean
wind
speed
of
7
m/s.
For
any
observation
of
a
wind
speed
at
a
random
time,
what
is
the
chance
the
wind
speed
will
fall
within
region
Il
of
this
turbine?
O
[y
fluo)
duo
O
[%
f(up)
dug
®
[
£(7)
dug
>
f
f(13)
dug
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/27684
34/take
4/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
O
[7
£(13)
dug
Question
10
1
pts
Why
does
the
coefficient
of
power
decrease
for
the
high
wind
speeds?
(O
The
generator
operates
less
efficiently
at
high
speeds
(O
The
turbine
speed
is
being
decreased
to
reduce
stress
on
the
turbine
(O
The
blades
are
not
optimized
for
the
less
frequent
wind
speeds
above
15
m/s
@
The
blades
are
being
pitched
to
spill
the
excess
power
(O
Higher
wind
speeds
are
less
frequent
For
the
questions
below,
assume
we
have
a
grid
connected
energy
storage
system
with
the
following
specifications:
Energy
rating:
98
kWh
(full
SOC
range)
Power
rating:
51
kW
Power
electronics
charge
efficiency:
90%
Power
electronics
discharge
efficiency:
95%
Storage
medium
round
trip
efficiency:
80%
Question
11
2
pts
If
the
power
electronics
are
delivering
21.9
kW
to
the
grid,
what
is
the
power
drawn
from
the
link
between
the
storage
medium
and
the
power
electronics
(P,
)?
(Answer
in
kW.)
23.05
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/2768434/take
5/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Question
12
2
pts
If
the
power
electronics
are
delivering
27.3
kW
to
the
grid,
what
is
the
power
withdrawn
from
the
storage
medium
(P%,,)?
(Answer
in
kW.)
32.13
Question
13
2
pts
If
the
power
electronics
are
delivering
28.3
kW
to
the
grid,
and
the
system
starts
at
full
SOC,
what
is
the
SOC
after
2
hours?
(Answer
in
fractional,
not
percent.)
0.32
Question
14
2
pts
If
the
power
electronics
are
discharging
at
-37.9
kW
(in
other
words
charging),
what
is
the
power
drawn
from
the
link
between
the
storage
medium
and
the
power
electronics
(Pj;nz)?
(Use
a
discharging
convention,
in
which
positive
numbers
mean
power
flowing
from
the
storage
medium
to
the
output
of
the
power
electronics,
and
negative
numbers
mean
power
flow
from
the
power
electronics
to
the
storage
medium.).
(Answer
in
kW.)
-34.11
Question
15
2
pts
If
the
power
electronics
are
discharging
at
-37.5
kW
to
the
grid,
what
is
the
power
withdrawn
from
the
storage
medium
(P,
)?
(Use
a
discharging
convention,
in
which
positive
numbers
mean
power
flowing
from
the
storage
medium
to
the
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/2768434/take
6/18
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2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
output
of
the
power
electronics,
and
negative
numbers
mean
power
flow
from
the
power
electronics
to
the
storage
medium.)
(Answer
in
kW.)
-30.187
Question
16
2
pts
If
the
power
electronics
are
discharging
at
-23.1
kW
to
the
grid,
and
the
system
starts
at
0
SOC,
what
is
the
SOC
after
2
hours?
(Use
a
discharging
convention,
in
which
positive
numbers
mean
power
flowing
from
the
storage
medium
to
the
output
of
the
power
electronics,
and
negative
numbers
mean
power
flow
from
the
power
electronics
to
the
storage
medium.).
(Answer
in
fractional,
not
percent.)
-0.379
For
the
next
questions,
use
the
energy
storage
energy-power
map
below.
-
.
@
il
@
-
L
10°
10?
10°
2
Specific
Energy
[Whr/kg]
10+
:
10°
10’
10°
10*
Specific
Power
[W/kg)
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/2768434/take
7/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Question
17
1
pts
Assume
you
have
an
energy
storage
application
in
which
you
need
high
amounts
of
power
for
very
short
periods
of
time,
with
a
high
number
of
cycles.
What
technology
would
be
most
appropriate?
(O
Pumped
hydro
(O
Lead
acid
batteries
(O
Combustion
engine
@
Capacitors
(O
Fuel
cells
Question
18
1
pts
Assume
you
have
an
energy
application
in
which
you
need
high
amounts
of
power
for
long
periods
of
time.
What
technology
would
be
most
appropriate?
(O
Capacitors
(O
Lead
acid
batteries
@
Fuel
cells
(O
Combustion
engine
(O
Flywheels
The
next
set
of
questions
pertain
to
grid
control
and
modeling.
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/27684
34/take
8/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Question
19
1
pts
Primary
control:
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
microseconds;
corrects
subharmonic
resonance
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
years;
schedules
new
plant
builds
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
minutes;
corrects
system
frequency
@
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
seconds;
stabilizes
system
frequency
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
minutes
to
hours;
dispatches
generation
on
hourly
schedules
Question
20
1
pts
Secondary
control:
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
microseconds;
corrects
subharmonic
resonance
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
minutes
to
hours;
dispatches
generation
on
hourly
schedules
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
seconds;
stabilizes
system
frequency
@
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
minutes;
corrects
system
frequency
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
years;
schedules
new
plant
builds
Question
21
1
pts
Tertiary
control:
@
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
minutes
to
hours;
dispatches
generation
on
hourly
schedules
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
seconds;
stabilizes
system
frequency
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
minutes;
corrects
system
frequency
>
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
microseconds;
corrects
subharmonic
resonance
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/27684
34/take
9/18
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21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
(O
Acts
on
the
timescale
of
years;
schedules
new
plant
builds
Question
22
1
pts
If
generation
exceeds
load,
the
system
frequency
will
(O
Decrease
(O
Oscillate
(O
Stay
the
same
@
Increase
Question
23
1
pts
If
load
exceeds
generation,
the
system
frequency
will
(O
Oscillate
@
Decrease
(O
Stay
the
same
O
Increase
Question
24
1
pts
If
load
equals
generation,
the
system
frequency
will
O
Increase
(O
Oscillate
(O
Decrease
@
Stay
the
same
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/27684
34/take
10/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Question
25
2
pts
Consider
a
grid
with
an
inertia
constant
H
of
1.75
seconds.
If
the
total
generation
is
0.96
per
unit,
and
the
load
is
1.01
per
unit,
how
much
will
the
grid
frequency
change
in
Hz
over
100
milliseconds?
(Answer
to
3
decimal
places.)
0.001
The
questions
below
pertain
to
wind
turbine
modeling.
Wind
Turbine
Model
Pwind
=
1/2
*
rho
*
A
*
u0"3
Tip
for
data
inspector:
From
the
"Layout"
button
at
the
top
menu,
Pturbine
=
Pwind
*
Cp
choose
"Edit
View"
from
the
bottom, and
drag
"Time
Plot"
to
lambda
=
vtip
/
u0
=
bladeLength
*
w
/
u0
the
desired
viewing
position.
Tblades
-
Tgen
-
Tfric
=
J
dw/dt
Tfric
=
Kfric*w
P=Tw
-->
T=Plw
windspeedtimeseries
P
X
Pwind
|
%
l
Fp
Pturbine
.
‘
Tgen]
S
1wt
1E
9
Tgen
|
|Jdw
’
dw
s
w
Tiric
lambda
By
)
4
o
fcn
I—P
bladePitch
bla
i
jtch
&
1
>
bladephch_ref
wt.bladeActuationTau
-
s
+
1
|_1
HydraulicModel
.
Tblades
|
B+
Area
A
bladeLength
*
w
/u0
=
8.1
w_ref
=
8.1
*
u0
/
bladeLength
8.1/wt.bladeLength
w_error
‘
31
op
[Tgen]
ontroller
Area
B
‘
wt.Pgen_rated
}A‘Pgen
="
4|>
gbl
P
bladepitch_ref
[bladep
Rch.
e
Pgen
V
‘[Pgenl
)
>
PIC
ontroller2
Question
26
1
pts
In
the
wind
turbine
Simulink
model
above,
Area
A
is
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/2768434/take
11/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
@
The
turbine
speed
control,
with
the
objective
of
maintaining
an
optimal
tip
speed
ratio
when
wind
speeds
are
within
the
control
region
Il.
(O
The
turbine
speed
control,
with
the
objective
of
spilling
excess
power
when
wind
speeds
are
within
the
control
region
lll.
(O
Yaw
control,
to
track
the
wind
direction.
(O
The
turbine
torque
equation
modeling.
(O
The
turbine
power
control,
to
pitch
the
blades
and
spill
excess
power
in
high
wind
speeds.
Question
27
1
pts
In
the
wind
turbine
Simulink
model
above,
Area
B
is
(O
The
turbine
torque
equation
modeling.
(O
Yaw
control,
to
track
the
wind
direction.
(O
The
turbine
speed
control,
with
the
objective
of
maintaining
an
optimal
tip
speed
ratio
when
wind
speeds
are
within
the
control
region
Il.
(O
The
turbine
speed
control,
with
the
objective
of
spilling
excess
power
when
wind
speeds
are
within
the
control
region
lil.
@
The
turbine
power
control,
to
pitch
the
blades
and
spill
excess
power
in
high
wind
speeds.
Question
28
1
pts
Consider
a
wind
turbine
time-domain
model.
What
dynamic
equation
is
at
the
heart
of
the
model
(ignoring
friction)?
(Where
1’
is
torque,
J
is
moment
of
inertia,
w
is
rotational
speed,
and
@
is
rotational
position.)
0
O
E(flurbine
—
Tgen)
=
Jw
oT
O
J(wturbine
—
d’gen)
—
Bt
O
%(T;furbine
—
Tgen)
=
JO
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/27684
34/take
12/18
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21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
O
Wturbine
—
Wgen
—
Bt
0
@
CZ-175'L1,'rb73'17,e
—
Tgen
=J
8_(:;
The
questions
below
pertain
to
energy
storage
modeling.
Question
29
1
pts
What
is
being
modeled
here?
In
\
—>4D
)
Out
N
es.etape
-1
/
\
(O
Modeling
of
response
time
delay
(O
Protection
against
commanding
too
much
power
(O
Protection
against
overcharging
(O
Storage
medium
loss
@
Power
electronics
loss
Question
30
1
pts
>
What
is
implemented
in
Area
A?
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/27684
34/take
13/18
2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
Area
A
[SOC]
—
p
>0
es.Ppeupper
F’
e
|
B
1
>
u
=
D
Ppe_ref
d
Y
Ppe_ref_postsat
Pes_ref
—pllo
|
[SOC]
>0
es.Ppelower
r
@
Protection
against
over
or
under
charging
(O
Modeling
of
response
time
delay
(O
Protection
against
commanding
too
much
power
(O
Modeling
of
power
loss
in
the
power
electronics
(O
Modeling
of
power
loss
in
the
storage
medium
The
questions
below
pertain
to
wind
turbines
and
wind
power.
Question
31
1
pts
Consider
a
wind
turbine
blade
operating
at
the
optimal
angle
of
attack.
If
the
wind
speed
were
to
decrease
and
nothing
else
changes,
the
angle
of
attack
would:
(O
not
change
@
decrease
https://canvas.oregonstate.edu/courses/1883392/quizzes/27684
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Quiz:
Midterm
(O
increase
Question
32
1
pts
What
is
the
coefficient
of
power
of
a
wind
turbine?
(O
The
average
power
of
a
wind
turbine
normalized
by
the
rated
power.
@
The
instantaneous
fraction
of
available
resource
being
converted.
(O
The
amount
of
traditional
dispatchable
generation
that
can
be
replaced
by
variable
generation
while
maintaining
the
same
security
of
supply.
(O
The
percentage
of
a
year
that
a
wind
turbine
is
down
for
repairs.
(O
The
amount
of
energy
produced
over
the
lifetime
of
the
turbine.
Question
33
1
pts
What
is
the
capacity
factor
of
a
wind
turbine?
(O
The
instantaneous
fraction
of
available
resource
being
converted.
(O
The
amount
of
energy
produced
over
the
lifetime
of
the
turbine.
@
The
average
power
of
a
wind
turbine
normalized
by
the
rated
power.
(O
The
percentage
of
a
year
that
a
wind
turbine
is
down
for
repairs.
(O
The
amount
of
traditional
dispatchable
generation
that
can
be
replaced
by
variable
generation
while
maintaining
the
same
security
of
supply.
Question
34
1
pts
The
power
in
the
wind
is
proportional
to
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2022/5/17
21:12
Quiz:
Midterm
@®
Wind
speed
cubed
(O
Wind
speed
squared
(O
The
square
root
of
wind
speed
(O
Wind
speed
(O
Wind
speed
to
the
1/3
power
Question
35
1
pts
The
theoretical
maximum
coefficient
of
power
for
a
wind
turbine
is
O
100%
@
59%
O
69%
O
33%
O
80%
Question
36
1
pts
As
a
very
rough
approximation,
the
average
home
consumes
how
much
electrical
energy?
@
24
kWh
per
day
(O
365
kWh
per
day
(O
10
kWh
per
day
(O
12
kWh
per
day
(O
1
kWh
per
day
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Quiz:
Midterm
Question
37
1
pts
Hydro
power
provides
approximately
how
much
of
the
PNW
electrical
energy?
O
20%
O
2%
@
60%
O
90%
O
15%
Question
38
1
pts
You
are
designing
a
wind
turbine
speed
PI
controller.
The
controller
input
is
speed
error
(rad/s),
and
the
controller
output
is
desired
generator
torque
(Nm).
Assuming
the
speed
range
is
0
rad/s
to
3
rad/s,
and
the
generator
torque
range
is
0
Nm
to
1
MNm,
what
order
of
magnitude
should
the
proportional
gain
be,
approximately?
O
1x10A-2
O
1x107-6
O
1
O
1x
1042
@
1x10"6
Question
39
2
pts
You
are
choosing
your
first
(educated)
guess
at
the
integral
gain
of
a
controller.
You
expect
the
range
of
errors
to
be
on
the
order
of
5
rad/s
maximum,
and
the
range
of
control
actions
to
be
2
MNm
maximum.
You
also
expect
the
controller
to
respond
fully
in
10
seconds.
What
is
a
good
first
guess
for
the
integral
gain?
>
(Answer
to
integer
resolution.)
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Quiz:
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Quiz
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Quiz
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