Lab 2 Report PHY 111

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Rio Salado Community College *

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111

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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8

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PHY 111 6/3/2023 Lab 2 Constant Acceleration Motion Lab Purpose The purpose of this lab is to analyze the motion of two different objects. In this lab, we analyzed the positions, velocities, and accelerations of the two objects for any given moment in time. Throughout the lab, we gathered data to create position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs and used those graphs to determine kinematic equations. This lab not only helps determine the velocity approximations of two objects but also determines the position of the objects at a certain time using the data collected. Materials The materials included a printer, paper, ruler, pen or pencil, tape, and scissors. Procedure First, Tape 1 and both sections of Tape 2 were printed and cut out to create three separate tapes. After cut out, both section one and section two of Tape 2 were taped together to create one continuous tape. After that, a ruler was used to measure positions of the object for both Tape 1 and Tape 2 at each 0.1 second interval as indicated by the dots relative to zero. Each data point was recorded in two separate data tables for Tape 1 and Tape 2. Once all the data was collected in a data table in Excel, the data was plotted into a graph for further analysis. Photograph(s) of Experiment Data Tape 1:
Time (seconds) Position (cm) Velocity (cm/s) Acceleration (cm/s/s) 0.1 0.8 0.2 3.1 24 0.3 5.6 24.5 -2.5 0.4 8.0 23.5 12.5 0.5 10.3 27 15 0.6 13.4 26.5 -32.5 0.7 15.6 20.5 -35 0.8 17.5 19.5 0 0.9 19.5 20.5 2.5 1.0 21.6 20 -5 1.1 23.5 19.5 1.2 25.5 Tape 2: Time (seconds) Position (cm) Velocity (cm/s) Acceleration (cm/s/s) 0.1 0.8 0.2 1.1 8 0.3 2.4 16.5 80 0.4 4.4 24 75 0.5 7.2 31.5 82.5 0.6 10.7 40.5 85 0.7 15.3 48.5 72.5
0.8 20.4 55 65 0.9 26.3 61.5 75 1.0 32.7 70 92.5 1.1 40.3 80 1.2 48.7 Calculations and Graphs X= Position (cm) Y= Velocity (cm/s) t= Time (seconds) Velocity (cm/s) Acceleration (cm/s/s) =(X -X ) / (t - t ) (Y - Y ) / (t - t )
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Results For the position versus time graph for tape one, the object is moving forward at a constant speed indicated from the linear, vertical line that the data forms. For the position versus time graph for tape two, the object is moving forward at a high speed and is speeding up at a changing velocity. This is indicated from the exponential equation given for the graph and its curved, parabolic shape. For the velocity versus time graph for tape one, the object is moving forward but since the slope is negative, the object is decelerating. For the velocity versus time graph for tape two, the
object is accelerating forward at a constant rate indicated by the linear, vertical line and the positive slope. Conclusion Background- In this lab, we focused on acceleration and velocity and how both of these concepts helped us determine the position of an object at a certain time but how fast an object was moving and in which direction. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes with time, in terms of both speed and direction. Acceleration has both a magnitude and a direction and is defined as the change in the velocity vector in a time interval, divided by the time interval. On the other hand, velocity is a quantity that designates how fast and in what direction a point is moving. Interpretation of Results- From Tape 1 position versus time graph, the slope is positive and the line is straight and vertical. This means that the velocity is moving forward at a constant speed. From the Tape 1 velocity versus time graph, the slope is negative and the way the points were spread out on the graph indicates that the acceleration was decelerating forward but at a changing velocity. Even though the line of best fit was a linear line, the points were spread out. From the Tape 2 position versus time graph, the slope is positive but the graph itself is an exponential graph. Since the slope is positive, the object is moving forward at a changing velocity and is speeding up. From the Tape 2 velocity versus time graph, the slope is positive and the line is linear and vertical. The object is accelerating forward at a constant rate. Qualitative Discussion- From examining the strips, I expected Tape one to have a linear and positive slope for both the position and time graph as well as the velocity and time graph. Surprisingly, the velocity versus time graph had a negative slope and was not linear. After examining Tape two, I expected the graph to be exponential and have a curve for both graphs
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since the dots were spaced out unequally. However even though the position versus time graph was exponential, the velocity versus time graph was linear. Sources of Error- In my experiment, I could have measured the position of the dots on the tapes incorrectly. The ruler that I had used measured in mm so it was difficult to exactly measure the position of each dot. Furthermore, since I converted my units from mm to cm, I may have incorrectly rounded the decimal points which would have affected my results for the lab. Analysis Questions Response 1. 2. Velocity is determined by the slope of the time-position graph. Since the slope of the time-position graph is 22.678x, the slope would be 22.678 cm/s. If not given the equation, the slope could be determined by choosing two plots on the graph and using the rise over run method with those points.
3. Acceleration is determined by the slope of the time-velocity graph. Since the slope of the time-velocity graph is 78.019x, the acceleration would be 78.019 cm/s/s. If not given the equation, the slope could be determined by choosing two plots on the graph and using the rise over run method with those points. References Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Acceleration . Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/acceleration Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2023, May 6). Velocity . Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/velocity