Experiment 5 Statics - lab5

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I .I '/ qOnRamps Lab - Mechanics, Heat, and Sound (102M) NAME: )\rl1.m (-fv-d 1 ~f Abstract Experiment 5: Statics We encourage yoL:J to complete this Jab using whatever equipment is available to you; There is no penalty fo'r inaccurate measurements. Your grade is based on your reasoning about data that is collected and the rubric in the Assessment section of this Lab. If you are unable to set up the experil'!lent and analyze data using available equipment, please contact-your HS Instructor. \ ) The goal of this lab is to use the principle of static equilibril:JfnlQJ_ufn a meter stick into a single beam • balance and to determine the mass of an object, which requires averaging several measurements and : calculating the standard uncertainty. There is no procedure given, just some general guidance, so you must decide how to set up your experiment and carry it through, what values to measure, and how many trials are necessary to accomplish the goal. For ·Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3, you must create a sketch and/or a written procedure that another person could easily follow to repeat your experiment. You must record your data an~ then carry out measurement statistics as part of the analysis. Background As students, there is often a struggle to find the balance between the many aspects of your life, like school, extracurricular. activities, etc. In physics, it is typically easier to find a balance, as shown in the Figure 1, because we have a model which describes it! Figure 1. A uniform beam held in static equilibrium by unequal masses at different distances from the pivot point. To achieve such a balance, we need to be in a state called static equilibrium. This state is defined by a model that OpenStax College Physics textbook refers to as the First and Second Conditions for Static Equilibrium, which are ITEXAS 1hcl~ra1t:,i1t.,J.i11 Am,tlD Lab - Mechanics, Heat, and Sound (102M) I 1

--- -- ~OnRamps Lab - Mechanics, Heat, and Sound (102M) NAME: ___________ ____ - l:F= 0 l:t = 0 (LS.1) (LS.2) where F is force and t is torque. The zeros on the right-hand side of each equation are what denote the balance of all the forces and torques, respectively. Recall that the torque due to a force is defined by t' = rFsin9 (LS.3) where r ts the distance from the axis of rotation to where the force is applied, Fis the magnitude of the applied force, and e is the angle between these two variables. Before the advent of the digital age and modern electronics, this model would be used to measure the mass of objects. Devices are shown Figure 2 and Figure 3. Depending on your school's equipment, you may have seen these devices in your classroom. Figure 2. A balance scale with two beams for measuring Figure 3. A beam scale used for a weigh in at the doctor's the mass of objects. office. On each of these balances there is: • a pivot point, which is a point about which the beams will rotate; • two beams with movable masses; and, • in the first case, a circular knob for adjusting the smallest mass increments. To measure the mass of an object, a user moves the masses along each beam, and adjusts the knob until the beam remains level, indicating equal torques on both sides. Because of how the device is calibrated,· the locations of the masses on each beam corresponds to some value of mass on the circular pan. Lab - Mechanics, Heat, and Sound (102M) I 2

~OnRamps Lab - Mechanics, Heat, and Sound (102M) NAME: ______________ _ Materials List Quantity 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 Procedure Items for in-lab Meter Stick Set of hanging masses Ring Stand Electronic scale Roll of string Random object(s) with unknown mass Notes for at-home materials to replace in-lab items. A meter stick is convenient because it is rigid and distances are labeled on it, but alternatively, you may use a rigid, long object, such as a broom stick, golf club or pole, and a separate device to measure distance. A tape measure, ruler, or any item with a known length will work. For example, a piece of printer paper is 11 inches long and can be folded to approximate lengths in between. These masses are used to apply force at a location along the meter stick. Instead of proper hanging masses, you may also use anything with a known mass. For example, • a penny is 2.5 grams • water has a density of 1 gram per milliliter and can be placed in a Styrofoam or paper cup or other light container that will not add much extra weight. You might consider another object with a known mass, either from an internet search (roll of coins, cup of rice, etc.) or an object whose mass is labeled (can of tuna or soda) This is where you'll balance your meter stick. It may also be a rod, such as a ruler or stick, extended over the edge of a table or countertop. This is used to measure the mass of the hanging objects. If you are using an object with a known mass, then you do not need a scale and can determine the mass by searching the internet or inspecting the label. This is used to suspend objects from the meter stick. Yarn, fishing line, or really any lightweight means of attaching an object or mass to the meter stick at a specific location This may be ANY object that you can suspend from the meter stick in order to determine its mass. Tt)e procedure section de~~rJbes.t~e lab activity. Questior}s posetj within this se·ctioh shquld be ad_tjressed: 'in the corresponding space 'on.·: the· ~orksheets ~t -~he end of th i's document. Be sure to record any. thoughts, ~~etches, or data f ri the ~ppr~pria~e ·location~ on the worksheets. • ' < -, t , : t' ;, • • " • ., ' I ,..., • •. . \'o.u sho~lcJ'expect to sp~nd appro~imately 70-90 minutes to complete the ·(nvestigation outlin.ed below. • Use the principle of static equilibrium to turn a meter stick into a single beam balance and determine the mass of one object. ITEXAS 1bc Vni'-"Ui1; ,1 / t.,•u1 a1 An\tfn Lab - Mechanics, Heat, and Sound (102M) I 3

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