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ME 2356 Laboratory Template
1
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
ME 2356: Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials
Bending Test
Submitted by
Sydney Rodriguez
Date Submitted: 11/30/23
Date Performed: 11/9/23
Lab Section: 12
Lab TA: Lindsey Young
Course Instructor: Marguerite Matherne
ME 2356 Laboratory Template
2
1.
Introduction
This experiment explores how beams bend under various loads and introduces column buckling
due to compression. It covers three-point bending, comparing calculated and measured
deflections, and examines how extra supports affect beam deflection. The critical buckling load
for columns under different support conditions is also studied. The aim is to understand beam
behavior and the abrupt loss of stability in columns under compression.
2.
Methods and results
2.1
Instron
Procedure
A material sample, with measured width and thickness and a set length of 110mm, was tested
using an Instron machine. The upper jaw was lowered until it lightly touched the sample, set on
two support bars. Bluehill software was utilized to set up a compression method with metric
units, a test rate of 10 mm/min, and the selection of raw data for measurement. The test was
initiated, monitoring the curve until it departed from linearity (usually after 10-15mm of
deflection) and then stopped. Following the test, the specimen was removed from the machine
and placed on a flat surface to observe any plastic deformation.
Shear force diagram and Bending moment diagram including the maximum value of the
bending moment (M
max
) in terms of P and L.
ME 2356 Laboratory Template
3
Results
Sample material and measurements table
Table 1. Steel data.
Parameter
Initial value (mm)
Length
200
Thickness
9.49
Width
25.41
Second moment of area, I
1.8098e03 (mm^4)
Load vs. deflection plot for the predicted and experimental data
Yield strength
The yield strength, σy, at the given triangle is about 2092.57 N/mm.
The location where the beam starts to yield
The point at which yielding appears first is (3.3738, 6960.6) (where the line starts to
curve).
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ME 2356 Laboratory Template
4
Discussion
Answer any question from instruction under section “Instron: results, analysis, and
reporting” (#6 and 7)
The calculated values of the Youngs Modulus range from 170000 to 200000 MPa.
This is close to the predicted values ranging from 190000 to 230000 found online.
The results are extremely close and may be a bit off due to human error. If others
were to repeat this experiment, they should expect similar results.
ME 2356 Laboratory Template
5
2.2
Beam deflection
Procedure
In the outlined experimental procedure, steel beams with specified dimensions—20mm in width
and 3.25mm in thickness—were subjected to deflection and load distribution tests. The
experiment began with the calibration of the measuring instruments. Load cells and dial gauges
were set to zero to negate any initial readings that could skew the results. The beams were then
placed on supports, the positions of which were determined as per the accompanying diagram. A
weight hanger, applying a force of 2.5 N, was positioned at the designated point on the beam to
simulate a point load. Subsequent measurements of the beam's deflection were taken at points C
and D using the dial gauges, which are designed to measure small displacements with high
precision. Concurrently, load cells recorded the reaction forces at the beam's supports. This was
repeated for a beam that is indeterminate and determinant.
Results
Deflection and support forces (and moments where available)
Table 2. Beam deflection data.
Discussion
Answer any question from instruction under section “Beam deflection: results, analysis,
and reporting” (#3 and #4)
o
The beam with the larger deflection is the simply supported or determinate one.
This is due to an extra acting moment.
o
The calculated and experiment values are far off but this is most likely due to the
beam being slightly different or calculation errors. If someone repeated this
experiment, they would achieve closer results toward the calculated values.
Point
Problem 1: simple support end
Problem 2: overhang end
Experiment value
Calculate value
Experiment value
Calculate value
Force @ A
-1.08
1.40625
-1.53
-2.109
Moment @ A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.00574
Force @ B
3.75
3.90625
4.03
4.609
Deflection @ C
-6.50
0.00053
-6.72
-0.0126
Deflection @ D
1.39
8.22
0.99
0.05589
ME 2356 Laboratory Template
6
2.3
Buckling
Procedure
The experiment was designed to observe the effects of compressive forces on steel beams with
predefined dimensions of 600mm in length, 20mm in width, and 4mm in thickness. The
procedure was initiated by setting all instruments measuring load to zero to ensure accuracy.
Following this, a crank mechanism was employed to exert a compressive load upon the beam.
The crank was turned to the right gradually until a noticeable deformation in the beam's shape
was observed, or until the force readings stabilized or altered minimally, indicating the load limit
of the beam. This was repeated for a pin-pin supported beam and a pin-clamp supported beam.
Results
Prediction of critical buckling forces from equations.
Be sure to show the values of
effective length factor that you use.
Table 1. Beam deflection experimental data.
pin-pin support
pin-clamp support
Experiment value
Calculate value
Experiment value
Calculate value
Experimental critical force
511
350.92
1076
501.31
Discussion
Answer any question from instruction under section “Buckling: results, analysis, and
reporting” (#3, 4, 5)
o
If both ends had fixed supports, the beam’s critical force would increase.
o
Some error could be due to the setup of the experiment and the use of a
hypothetical Youngs Modulus value. If others repeated this experiment, they
would hopefully get closer values to the calculated one.
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ME 2356 Laboratory Template
7
Appendix:
MATLAB code
% Isotron sample
%clear data
clearvars;
clc;
%read file
filename =
'lab3test.csv'
;
T = readmatrix(filename);
%conversions
time = T(:,2);
displacement = T(:,3);
force = T(:,4)*1000;
%sample properties (mm)
b = 25.41;
h = 9.49;
L = 200;
% calculations
I = (b * (h^3))/12;
M = force*L/I;
yield = M/I;
% Young's Modulus (E)
E = (force./displacement).*(L^3/(48*I));
E1= 190000;
% Predicted values
predicted = force.* L^3 ./ (48 .* I .* E1);
bending = force./displacement;
%plot load vs deflection
figure(1)
plot(displacement, force);
hold
on
plot(predicted, force);
hold
on
title(
'Load vs Deflection'
);
xlabel(
'Deflection (mm)'
);
ylabel(
'Force (N)'
);
Related Questions
Show work
Part 1 website: https://ophysics.com/r5.html
PArt 2 website: https://ophysics.com/r3.html
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The crash cushion for a highway barrier consists of a
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The barrier stopping force is measured versus the vehicle
penetration into the barrier. (Figure 1)
Part A
P Course Home
b My Questions | bartleby
Review
Determine the distance a car having a weight of 4000 lb will penetrate the barrier if it is originally traveling at 55 ft/s when it
strikes the first barrel.
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Figure
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University of Babylon
Collage of Engineering\Al-Musayab
Department of Automobile
Engineering
Under Grad/Third stage
Notes:
1-Attempt Four Questions.
2- Q4 Must be Answered
3-Assume any missing data.
4 تسلم الأسئلة بعد الامتحان مع الدفتر
Subject: Mechanical
Element Design I
Date: 2022\01\25
2022-2023
Time: Three Hours
Course 1
Attempt 1
Q1/ Design a thin cylindrical pressure tank (pressure vessel) with hemispherical ends to the
automotive industry, shown in figure I below. Design for an infinite life by finding the
appropriate thickness of the vessel to carry a sinusoidal pressure varied from {(-0.1) to (6) Mpa}.
The vessel is made from Stainless Steel Alloy-Type 316 sheet annealed. The operating
temperature is 80 C° and the dimeter of the cylinder is 36 cm. use a safety factor of 1.8.
Fig. 1
(15 Marks)
Q2/ Answer the following:
1- Derive the design equation for the direct evaluation of the diameter of a shaft to a desired
fatigue safety factor, if the shaft subjected to both fluctuated…
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dear tutor please provide neat and clean and detailed answer.
dont copy from google
adress both questions well
arrow_forward
Needs Complete typed solution with 100 % accuracy.
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Please show work
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Learning Goal:
To calculate the normal and shear stresses at a point on the cross
section of a column.
A column with a wide-flange section has a flange width b = 250 mm , height k = 250 mm , web thickness to = 9 mm , and flange thickness t; = 14 mm (Figure 1).
Calculate the stresses at a point 65 mm above the neutral axis if the section supports a tensile normal force N = 2 kN at the centroid, shear force V = 5.8 kN , and
bending moment M = 3 kN - m as shown (Figure 2).
The state of stress at a point is a description of the normal and shear
stresses at that point. The normal stresses are generally due to both
internal normal force and internal bending moment. The net result can
be obtained using the principle of superposition as long as the
deflections remain small and the response is elastic.
Part A- Normal stress
Calculate the normal stress at the point due to the internal normal force on the section.
Express your answer with appropriate units to three significant figures.
• View…
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Question 2
You are a biomedical engineer working for a small orthopaedic firm that fabricates rectangular shaped fracture
fixation plates from titanium alloy (model = "Ti Fix-It") materials. A recent clinical report documents some problems with the plates
implanted into fractured limbs. Specifically, some plates have become permanently bent while patients are in rehab and doing partial
weight bearing activities.
Your boss asks you to review the technical report that was generated by the previous test engineer (whose job you now have!) and used to
verify the design. The brief report states the following... "Ti Fix-It plates were manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) and machined into
solid 150 mm long beams with a 4 mm thick and 15 mm wide cross section. Each Ti Fix-It plate was loaded in equilibrium in a 4-point bending
test (set-up configuration is provided in drawing below), with an applied load of 1000N. The maximum stress in this set-up was less than the
yield stress for the…
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Please give me the answers for this i been looking at this for a hour and my head hurts
arrow_forward
Please give a complete solution in Handwritten format.
Strictly don't use chatgpt,I need correct answer.
Engineering dynamics
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of the Origin. Overall drafting standard -
Create the illustrated part. Note the location
1.50
1.25
ANSI.
Calculate the overall mass of the
illustrated model. Apply the Mass
Properties tool.
Think about the steps that you would
take to build the model.
2.25
Given:
A = 3.50
B= 70
Material: 1060 Alloy
Density = 0.0975 Ib/in^3
Units: IPS
Decimal places = 2
Review the provided information
carefully.
Units are represented in the IPS (inch, pound, second)
system.
A = 3.50in, B = .70in
bliud of s
Origin
PAGE 2-95
Eniter
insert
Cut
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Learning Goal:
To use Mohr's circle to determine the principal stresses, the maximum in-plane shear stress, and the average normal stress in an element.
The state of plane stress on an element is shown below. Let oz= 30.0 MPa, O, = -100.0 MPa, and Try = 50.0 MPa
100 MPa
50.0 MPa
30.0 MPa
Part A - Construction of Mohr's circle for the state of stress
For the element shown, construct Mohr's circle for the state of stress shown associated with the x plane.
First, select the center of Mohr's circle (point C) and select the point that represents the state of plane stress shown (point A). Given these two points, determine the length of the line connecting these two points, which represents the radius R of the Mohr's
circle.
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Please give the detailed solution.
Don't use chatgpt for this question.
Thanks
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+
X Strength of Materials. (Midterm
x Desmos | Scientific Calculator
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3 m
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The rigid beam ABC is supported by pin A and wires BD and CE. If the load P on the beam
causes the end C to be displaced 6 mm downward. What is the normal strain developed in
* ?wire BD
)2 نقطة(
0.0015 C
2.57 O
0.00107
10:02 PM
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11/29/2020
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a) Let R represent the reaction force at Support B. By releasing the beam at Support B and imposing a force R at Point B, the deflection of the beam consists of two parts,i.e.
Part I- the deflection caused by MB ;
Part II- the deflection caused by R
Please treat R, w, h , L , E as variables in this step , the mathematical equation for the deflection at Point B caused by R ( Part II) can be written as
(Hint : to input equation R2LQ2wh , you can type (R^2*L)/(Q^2*w*h) )
b) Using the provided data:
cross-section width w = 20 mm,
cross-section hight h = 93 mm,
length of the beam L =3 m ,
beam material’s Young’s modulus Q =226 GPa,
applied bending moment MB = 11 kN.m
The value of the deflection at Point B caused by MB ( Part I) can be calculated as ......(in mm)
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Create a reading outline for the given text "STRESS and STRAIN".
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Kindly do not re-submit your answers if you have solved the problems in this post. I post multiple questions of the same type to get an idea from other tutors. Thank you, Tutor! S.2
Statics of Rigid Bodies
Content Covered:
- Method of Sections
Direction: Create 1 problem based on the topic "Method of Sections" and then solve them with a complete solution. In return, I will give you a good rating. Thank you so much!
Note: Please bear in mind to create 1 problem based on the topic "Method of Sections." Be careful with the calculations in the problem. Kindly double check the solution and answer if there is a deficiency. And also, box the final answer. Thank you so much!
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For my assigment, I was asked to design a electric motorbike that has a peformance equal to Honda CBR1000 Fireblade which has a petrol engine. A part of the the assignment is to calculate " An estimate of maximum Power your new motor will need to generate to match the Honda’s performance." I can make the assumption, apart from changing the motor, everything else is going to stay the same so the fairing,the rider and etc they're gonna be the same for the two bikes. So can you please tell me how I can calculate that which information would I need ?
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University of Babylon
Collage of Engineering/
Al-Musayab
Department of Automobiles
Final Examination/ Stage: 3rd
Notes:
Answer 4 questions only
2023-2202
Subject: Theory of vehicles
Date: 2023\06\10-Saturday
Time: Three Hours
Course 2nd Attempt 1st
Q1: A Hooke's coupling connects two shafts whose axes are inclined at 30°. The
of the driven shaft? Find the maximum value of retardation or acceleration and
driving shaft rotates uniformly at 600 rpm. What are the extreme angular velocities
state the angle where both will occur.
(12.5 Marks)
Q2: Four masses, A, B, C, and D), revolve at equal radii and are equally spaced
along a shaft. The mass B is 7 kg, and the radius of C and D make angles of 90°
and 240°, respectively, with the radius of B. Find the magnitude of the masses A,
C, and D and the angular position of A so that the system may be completely
balanced.
(12.5 Marks)
Q3: A cam has straight worked faces that are tangential to a base circle of diameter
90 mm. The follower is a roller…
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No gpt,solve in paper sheet.
Free body diagram is must and should.
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Help!!! Please answer part b correctly like part A. Please!!!!
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- Show work Part 1 website: https://ophysics.com/r5.html PArt 2 website: https://ophysics.com/r3.htmlarrow_forwardHelp!!! Please answer all Correctly!!! Pleasearrow_forwardStudy Area Document Sharing User Settings Access Pearson mylabmastering.pearson.com P Pearson MyLab and Mastering The crash cushion for a highway barrier consists of a nest of barrels filled with an impact-absorbing material. The barrier stopping force is measured versus the vehicle penetration into the barrier. (Figure 1) Part A P Course Home b My Questions | bartleby Review Determine the distance a car having a weight of 4000 lb will penetrate the barrier if it is originally traveling at 55 ft/s when it strikes the first barrel. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Figure 1 of 1 36 μΑ S = Value Units Submit Request Answer Provide Feedback ? Next >arrow_forward
- University of Babylon Collage of Engineering\Al-Musayab Department of Automobile Engineering Under Grad/Third stage Notes: 1-Attempt Four Questions. 2- Q4 Must be Answered 3-Assume any missing data. 4 تسلم الأسئلة بعد الامتحان مع الدفتر Subject: Mechanical Element Design I Date: 2022\01\25 2022-2023 Time: Three Hours Course 1 Attempt 1 Q1/ Design a thin cylindrical pressure tank (pressure vessel) with hemispherical ends to the automotive industry, shown in figure I below. Design for an infinite life by finding the appropriate thickness of the vessel to carry a sinusoidal pressure varied from {(-0.1) to (6) Mpa}. The vessel is made from Stainless Steel Alloy-Type 316 sheet annealed. The operating temperature is 80 C° and the dimeter of the cylinder is 36 cm. use a safety factor of 1.8. Fig. 1 (15 Marks) Q2/ Answer the following: 1- Derive the design equation for the direct evaluation of the diameter of a shaft to a desired fatigue safety factor, if the shaft subjected to both fluctuated…arrow_forwarddear tutor please provide neat and clean and detailed answer. dont copy from google adress both questions wellarrow_forwardNeeds Complete typed solution with 100 % accuracy.arrow_forward
- Please show workarrow_forwardLearning Goal: To calculate the normal and shear stresses at a point on the cross section of a column. A column with a wide-flange section has a flange width b = 250 mm , height k = 250 mm , web thickness to = 9 mm , and flange thickness t; = 14 mm (Figure 1). Calculate the stresses at a point 65 mm above the neutral axis if the section supports a tensile normal force N = 2 kN at the centroid, shear force V = 5.8 kN , and bending moment M = 3 kN - m as shown (Figure 2). The state of stress at a point is a description of the normal and shear stresses at that point. The normal stresses are generally due to both internal normal force and internal bending moment. The net result can be obtained using the principle of superposition as long as the deflections remain small and the response is elastic. Part A- Normal stress Calculate the normal stress at the point due to the internal normal force on the section. Express your answer with appropriate units to three significant figures. • View…arrow_forwardQuestion 2 You are a biomedical engineer working for a small orthopaedic firm that fabricates rectangular shaped fracture fixation plates from titanium alloy (model = "Ti Fix-It") materials. A recent clinical report documents some problems with the plates implanted into fractured limbs. Specifically, some plates have become permanently bent while patients are in rehab and doing partial weight bearing activities. Your boss asks you to review the technical report that was generated by the previous test engineer (whose job you now have!) and used to verify the design. The brief report states the following... "Ti Fix-It plates were manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) and machined into solid 150 mm long beams with a 4 mm thick and 15 mm wide cross section. Each Ti Fix-It plate was loaded in equilibrium in a 4-point bending test (set-up configuration is provided in drawing below), with an applied load of 1000N. The maximum stress in this set-up was less than the yield stress for the…arrow_forward
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