Lab13_buoyancy_Revised_1-6-21

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Chandler-Gilbert Community College *

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Mechanical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab 13 Worksheet Name ___________________________ Buoyancy Section ___________ Download the Buoyancy simulation. Note that there is an object density setting ( ρ o) and a fluid density setting ( ρ F), as well as a fluid viscosity setting. Part 1: Quantitative Observations Set the “Animation Speed” midway between slower and faster. Set the “Fluid Viscosity” setting about midway between low and high. Choose the “Show Numbers” box at the bottom of the page. Do not change these settings throughout the simulations. Set the object density, ρ o, at 2 g/cm 3 . Set the fluid density, ρ F, at 1.2 g/cm 3 , and increase it as shown in the table below. Run the simulation by clicking on the Run button which will cause the numbers to change as you modify the ρ F value. Fill in the table with the information from the simulation: ρ o = 2 g/cm 3 ρ F = 1.2 g/cm 3 ρ F = 1.4 g/cm 3 ρ F = 1.6 g/cm 3 ρ F = 2 g/cm 3 What is the weight of the object in newtons? 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 What is the normal force on the object in newtons? 7.84 5.88 3.92 0 What is the buoyant force on the object in newtons? 11.76 13.72 15.68 19.6 Answer the following questions based on your observations: 1. What happens to the weight of the object as the density of the fluid changes? As the density of the fluid changes, the weight of the object will stay the same 2. What would you expect the normal force to be on the object at ρ F = 3 g/cm 3 ? Explain. I expected the normal force to be around -8. Reason being is at 1.2 the normal force was 7.84 so it would be slightly more. 3. What is the relationship between the normal force, the buoyant force, and the weight of the object? Which equation from the lab represents this relationship?

The relationship between the two is that they are inversely related as normal force decreases, buoyant force increases. The weight of the object stayed the same even though these values changed. Part 2: Mass vs. Buoyant Force You will now use the simulation to determine the relationship between the mass of a submerged object and the buoyant force on the object. The simulation allows only a volume of 1000 cm 3 for the object; the density of the object, ρ o, will need to be changed to produce a change in mass. Set the ρ F value to any value you choose, but make sure it is kept constant during part 2. Select the Object Density ρ o values as noted in the table below, and complete the data table: Object Density ρo (g/cm 3 ) Mass (kg) Weight (N) Normal force (N) Buoyant force (N) 0.5 0.5 4.9 0 4.9 1.0 1.0 9.8 0 9.8 1.5 1.5 14.7 0 14.7 2 2 19.6 0 19.6 2.5 2.5 24.5 4.9 19.6 Examine your data. What can you conclude about the relationship between the mass of a submerged object and the buoyant force? Be specific and explain how the data supports your conclusions. Part 3: Volume vs. Buoyant Force The simulation does not allow for changing the volume of the submerged object. For this part of the lab, you will examine the data table below containing measurements relating a change in volume of an object to changes in its weight, normal force, and buoyant force. Imagine an object with a constant mass, for example, a metal cube, but with dimensions that can be changed to create a metal object with the same mass but a different shape and volume. Below are measurements of the changing volume of an object that is placed in a liquid: The relationship between the mass and the buoyant force is a direct relationship. When the mass increased, the buoyant force increased as well. My data supports this as after looking at both values, after one value increased, the other one did as well.

Volume (L) Weight (N) Normal force (N) Buoyant force (N) 0.9 48.4 31.6 16.8 1.8 48.4 16.0 32.4 2.7 48.4 7.9 40.5 3.6 48.4 0 48.4 4.5 48.4 0 48.4 Use Excel to create a scatter plot graph of the relationship between volume and buoyant force. The buoyant force should be on the vertical axis and the volume on the horizontal axis. Be sure to include proper axis labels and graph titles. Paste the graph below. Examine your data. What can you conclude about the relationship between volume and buoyant force? Be specific and explain how the data supports your conclusions. After looking at the data, it can be concluded the volume and the buoyant force have a direct relationship. When the volume was increased, the force increased as well. When the volume was 0.9 L, the force started as 16.8 N. As the volume increased to 1.8 L, the force also increased to 32.4.

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When the normal force is 0 (for volumes of 3.6 L and 4.5 L ), what do you think is the position of the object in the liquid, fully submerged or floating? What do you notice about the buoyant force at those volumes? Using the information from Lesson 13, describe the buoyant force in terms of a floating object and in terms of an object that sinks. Explain how your data supports those descriptions. When an object sinks, it means that the buoyant force is smaller than the weight of the object. As for when an object floats, it is when the force is equal to the weight where the normal force is 0. I think that the object would float as in previous experiments, when the weight and force were equal and the normal force is 0, the object floated.