PHY 101L Module_Five Lab Report

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Feb 20, 2024

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PHY 101L Module Five Lab Report Name: Thomas Hubert Date: 10/01/2023 Complete this lab report by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Overview In this investigation, you’ll design an experiment to test the law of conservation of energy. Then you’ll perform that experiment. This is completely open-ended. This allows you to use whatever materials and data acquisition techniques that you would like! Safety Read all the instructions for this laboratory activity before beginning. Observe established laboratory safety practices. Safety goggles should be worn during this lab. Make sure the lab area is clear of pets, children, and breakable objects. Do not eat, drink, or chew gum while performing this activity. Wash your hands with soap and water before and after performing the activity. Clean up the work area with soap and water after completing the investigation. Keep pets and children away from lab materials and equipment. Time Requirements Preparation: 30 minutes Experiment: 30 minutes Materials Needed From the Lab Kit Tape measure Materials Needed but Not Supplied in the Lab Kit Stopwatch Calculator Pen and paper for notetaking Procedure 1. You’ll design an experiment to test the law of conservation of energy. This experiment should include the measurement of some kind of energy transformation. This could be energy transformations from gravitational or elastic potential energy to kinetic energy, from potential energy to kinetic energy, or from kinetic energy to potential energy. The possibilities are endless! You’re free to use materials from your Carolina Biological lab kit. Or you may use materials that you have around your home. In either case, always make sure that you are following safe laboratory practices. * If you are unsure whether the experiment you plan on designing includes the measurement of an energy transformation, consult with your instructor. a. Possible energy transformations include the following: i. Measuring the initial and final gravitational potential energies of a ball bounced

on a hard surface ii. Measuring the initial gravitational potential energy and final kinetic energy of a ball rolling down an inclined plane iii. Measuring the initial elastic potential energy and final gravitational potential energy of a rubber band or spring launched upward from the ground 2. Once you’ve identified all of the materials needed for your experiment, gather all of your needed materials, a timing device, a tape measure, and pen and paper for note-taking. 3. Next, perform your experiment. Take note of all the data that you collect and any calculations that you use. Some equations that might be helpful include the following: kinetic energy = ½ mass x velocity 2 gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational acceleration x height elastic potential energy = ½ spring constant x displacement 2 total initial energy = total final energy 4. Using your calculations, determine whether or not energy was conserved in your experiment. If energy was not conserved, explain why you feel that it was not conserved. Lab Questions 1. Explain the procedures you used to perform your experiment. This should include all of the materials that you used, the procedure that you followed, as well as any calculations used in your experiment. Include sufficient detail so that a fellow student could follow your instructions and complete your experiment exactly as you did. 1) I gathered all of my materials, including a golf ball, tape measure, and pen and paper for note- taking. 2) I placed the ball on a hard surface and measured the height from the table to the bottom of the ball. This was the initial height, h 0 . 3) I dropped the ball from the initial height and measured the height of the ball after its first bounce. This was the final height, h 1 . I repeated steps 2 and 3 five times. 4.) I used the following equation to calculate the gravitational potential energy of the ball: PE = mgh. Where PE is the gravitational potential energy (J), m is the mass of the ball (kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s 2 ), and h is the height of the ball (m). 2. What type(s) of energy did you measure in your experiment? I measured the initial gravitational potential energy of the ball.

3. Explain the transfer of energy. In your experiment, what was your initial form of energy? What form of energy was it converted to? If there were multiple transfers of energy occurring in your experiment, detail each of them below. The initial form of energy in my experiment was gravitational potential energy. When the ball was dropped, the gravitational potential energy was converted into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy was then converted back into gravitational potential energy when the ball reached its peak bounce. “ The mass of the ball is not changing here, and g is always 9.8 meters per second squared near the surface of the Earth, so the potential energy is entirely dependent on how far away the ball is from the ground in this problem. When the ball hits the ground, it has no more potential energy.” ( Kinetic and Potential Energy | Physics Review [Video] , n.d.) 4. Include your data in both table and graph format below. Use proper titles and labels on your table and graph. Bounce Height (m) Potential Energy (J) Energy Loss (J) H 0 1.5 0.6445 H 1 1.05 0.4512 0.1933 (42.8%) H 2 0.75 0.3223 0.1289 (39.9%) H 3 0.49 0.2105 0.1118 (53.1%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Potential Energy and Energy Loss Potential Energy Energy Loss Number of Bounces Energy (J) 5. Include any calculations that you used to analyze your data below. To calculate potential energy, I used the equation: PE = mgh, where PE is the potential energy (J), m is the mass of the ball (kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2), and h is the height of the ball (m).

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