PhysicsLab1Data

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Bellevue College *

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Physics 114 4/22/19 Carson R., Karl H., Sierra S., Nona W., Howard W. Coffee Filter Terminal Speed Lab Report Introduction: In this lab our goal is to determine the mathematical relationship between the terminal speed of a falling object, which in our case is a coffee filter, and its mass. We will then compare the functional relationship we obtain with that of another group who has done the same lab. For this lab we define terminal speed as the highest velocity attainable by our coffee filter(s) as they fall through the air. Procedure: To begin with, we obtained a meter stick 2 meters in length with a scale of 0.1 cm and held it upright. However, while the meter stick was 2 meters in length, we didn’t start measuring the time until the coffee filter(s) fell to 1.5 meters. We then started with one coffee filter. Using the meter stick, we held the coffee filter up 2.0 m above the ground and then dropped it. Once it reached 1.5 m we started our stopwatch and once it hit the floor we stopped the stopwatch. We recorded the time, then repeated the process 7 more times for a total of 8 trials for one coffee filter. We then stacked the coffee filters on top of each other to perform the experiment with 2, 3, 4 and 5 coffee filters, again repeating the experiment eight times for each set of coffee filters. Afterwards, we’d done the experiment enough times to estimate the uncertainty of the distance we chose to start from. Finally, we used a triple beam balance to measure the mass of our coffee filters(s). In our case, we gathered 20 coffee filters togethers and took their mass, then divided by 20 to get the mass of one coffee filter.
Note: The diagram for our procedure is on separate sheet of half-paper attached to the Lab Report. Data: The distance we chose for our different stacks of coffee filters to fall from was 1.50m ± 0.05m. Data Table for falling time of different stacks of coffee filters: Number of Coffee Filters 1 2 3 4 5 Falling Time (s) 1.74 1.25 0.96 0.91 0.77 1.78 1.13 1.10 0.90 0.84 1.77 1.24 1.03 0.91 0.82 1.63 1.28 1.08 0.97 0.77 1.66 1.24 0.98 0.93 0.84 1.63 1.12 0.95 0.91 0.79 1.71 1.40 1.09 0.93 0.88 1.68 1.22 0.91 0.93 0.77 Avg. and Avg. Deviations of Falling Time (s) 1.70 ± 0.05 1.24 ± 0.06 1.01 ± 0.06 0.92 ± 0.02 0.81 ± 0.04 Our mass for 20 coffee filters was 21.0g ± 0.2g. By dividing by 20, we determined that the mass of 1 coffee filter was around 1.05g ± 0.01g. Analysis: After weighing 20 coffee filters together, we divided the result by 20 to get the weight of one filter. Then we calculated the masses of every filter pile by multiplying the number of coffee filters in the pile by the mass of one filter. The results are stated in the table below:
Number of Coffee Filters Mass (g) Uncertainty of Mass (g) 1 1.05 0.01 2 2.10 0.02 3 3.15 0.03 4 4.20 0.04 5 5.25 0.05 To calculate the averages of the recorded data, we averaged out the time it took for each pile of coffee filters to fall. Then we took the average deviations between the averages and the data to get the uncertainties of time for each stack of coffee filters. The terminal speed of each stack of coffee filters was calculated by using the formula v= Δ x/ Δ t, where v=speed (m/s), x=distance (m) and t=time (s). This also involved using the propagation rules we learned to compute our uncertainties. In our case, our falling distance was always 1.5m with an uncertainty of 0.05m, so our distance would always equal 1.50m ± 0.05m or 1.50m ± 3.33%. We would then do the same conversion for the times of whatever stack of coffee filters we chose. For example, for our stack of 5 coffee filters, 0.81s ± 0.04s became 0.81s ± 4.91%. We would then add the two percents together and multiply them by the quotient of 1.50m and 0.81s to get a final result of 1.85m/s ± 0.15m/s. The averages and uncertainties for our times and speeds are stated in the table below: Number of Coffee Filters Avg. Falling Time (s) Avg. Uncert. of Time (s) Avg. Speed (m/s) Avg. Uncert. Of Speed (m/s) 1 1.70 0.05 0.88 0.06 2 1.24 0.06 1.2 0.1 3 1.01 0.06 1.48 0.14 4 0.92 0.02 1.63 0.09 5 0.81 0.04 1.85 0.15 The percent error was calculated by using the formula below.
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