Phys1111 - Representations of Motion
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Dec 6, 2023
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1
Phys1111: Representations of Motion in One Dimension
Name:
Group Members:
Date:
TA’s Name:
Apparatus:
Aluminum track and supports, PASCO Smart Cart,
two
cart stops
(one for each end of track).
Objectives:
1) To be able to define acceleration and determine its sign.
2) To connect the signs of velocity and acceleration with speeding up and slowing down motions.
3) To understand the relationships between position and velocity vs. time graphs and acceleration.
Part A: Set-up and Coordinate System
When the cart is set into motion on an inclined aluminum track, it will move with a constant
acceleration that depends on the angle of the track with the horizontal.
By giving a small push to start it,
the cart can be made to move either toward or away from the
cart stop
at
top
of the incline.
In each case,
the Smart Cart sensors will capture the motion of the cart and Capstone software will plot position vs.
time, and velocity vs. time on the computer.
Take a look at the smart cart. Smart cart has a built in coordinate system such that any starting
position on the track may be assumed as the origin.
This coordinate system is shown on the cart as x,y,z
directions.
Therefore, if the cart moves in the direction shown on the cart’s +x direction, it considers
positions as positive positions and if the cart moves in the backward direction (-x), it considers positions
as negative.
Thus, positive and negative positions are determined based on how you align the cart’s
motion with its printed coordinate system.
Once you select the + direction of velocity then, throughout
the experiment (parts A through F) you should never change that orientation.
Select the orientation of the cart as the following that is kept fixed throughout the experiment
Front of the cart or +x axis is pointing at the bottom cart stop.
Moving direction
Sign of positions
Sign of velocity
Moving down the incline
Moving up the incline
2
Part B: Equipment set-up and practice
Set up your cart and track as shown by your TA. Launch Capstone on your computer. Then start a
new experiment and select “two displays.”
Each Smart Cart has a number and make sure to select the
correct Smart Cart by matching the Smart Cart number to connect the carts to the software.
Select one
display to be a graph and select position as the measurement.
Select the other display to be a graph of
velocity.
Set the number of decimal places to 3 for each variable by choosing
Data Summary
on the left
side menu bar and selecting the
Properties
for each measurement then selecting
Numerical Format
.
After
changing
Number of Decimal Places
to 3, click OK and proceed to the
Properties
for the next variable. See
instructor if you need help with this.
Take some practice data while carefully moving the cart on the incline with cart +x direction pointed
downward as explained above.
3
Part C: Graphs for Speeding Up
1.
Use the inclined track to produce a motion where the cart is
speeding up
.
Draw a sketch and
describe the set-up you needed to get that motion (for example, which way is track tilted,
where does cart start and which direction is it moving).
2.
Record position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs using Capstone.
Expand the scale of the
position vs. time graph to see it well.
Is the position positive or negative? ______________________
3.
Describe the shape of the position vs. time graph. (flat, straight, curved up, curved down, etc.)
4.
Also expand the velocity vs. time graph so that it’s easier to see.
Is the velocity positive or
negative? _______________________
5.
Describe the shape of the velocity vs. time graph. (flat, straight, curved up, curved down, etc.)
6.
In Capstone, highlight the velocity data for the part of the motion that corresponds to the cart
speeding up.
Use the fitting tool to determine the acceleration by finding the slope of the
velocity vs. time data (just for the part of the motion where the cart is speeding up).
Acceleration = ______________________
(Remember sign and units)
7.
Is the acceleration positive or negative? _________________________________________
8.
Is the velocity vector up the incline or down? ______________________
Is the acceleration vector up the incline or down? ______________________
On your sketch in Question 1, draw the velocity and acceleration vectors and label them.
Have your TA check your graphs for Speeding Up and initial below before you go on
.
TA initials
:
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Names
मभ पीस
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The graph below describes the relationship between velocity and time for a moving object.
Velocity vs. Time
v (m/s)
3
t(s)
0123
11
-2
What is the object's acceleration at time t =8 s?
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Example:
V
Questions:
(A)
Answer:
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Speeding Up
To the Left
K
(B)
(C)
t
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(D)
t
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8
Assignment Booklet 4A
(1
13. What does the run between two points on a distance/time graph
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A. snail
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B. an object slowing down
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5. A
Learning Task 2B: Analyzing Motion Graph
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bno ran noilor or psylon
ni bine
entw.
c)
distance
Figure 4. Sample Graphs
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stopped at a stop light.
Ayod
tocolpipot
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4
2
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3
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Table 1 Velocity v. Time
Time t
Velocity im
000
400
100
8.00
200
120
100
140
400
160
500
160
00
700
120
8.00
900
4.00
100
0.00
110
400
120
-8.00
Velocity (m/s)
(u) uonsod
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11.
Physics 1100 TR8
class activity: one-dimensional motion and graphing
distributed August 25, 2022
Please submit one response to this activity, per group, by the end of class.
Se ha a ta e re e nos deb
Base de
A toy car moves along a straight east-west track. The position of the car is measured relative to a red
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respectively. Below is a graph of x-versus-t.
1515C
x (m)
lite
2.04
1.0-
0.0
-1.0.
0.0
-2.0+
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 60 1.0 8.0
sastrateni siti snimated (5)
30 10.0
9.0
(b) At approximately what time(s) is the car moving toward the east?
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11.0
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4
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Jser Dashboard
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M Inbox (854) - 46857..
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Elarth S2/Period4 R.
5.
A motion graph is shown below. Check all the boxes that match this graph.
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