physics 1300 lab 3

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University of Guelph *

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1300

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Table 1: 1D Head-on collisions Collision #1 Identical Coins #2 Larger moving coin #3 Smaller moving coin Mass of coin 1 (moving) in kg 0.0044 0.0044 0.00175 Mass of coin 2 (stationary) in kg 0.0044 0.00395 0.0073 Velocity (m/s) Coin 1 velocity before 0.075 1.05 1.27 Coin 2 velocity before 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coin 1 velocity after 0.021 0.188 -0.193 Coin 2 velocity after 0.043 0.375 0.30 Momentum (kg m/s) Total momentum before 3.3 x 10 -3 4.62 x 10 -3 2.22 x 10 -3 Total momentum after 2.88 x 10 -4 1.60 x 10 -3 1.85 x 10 -3 Kinetic energy (J) Total kinetic energy before 1.24 x 10 -5 2.43 x 10 -3 1.41 x 10 -3 Total kinetic energy after 5.04 x 10 -6 2.223 x 10 -4 3.61 x 10 -4 Total kinetic energy remaining (%) 40.65 9.19 26
Question 8: No, the conservation of momentum did not hold in these collisions. The principle of momentum conservation applies exclusively to closed systems, and in these experiments, the system was not closed. Various external forces, including friction forces like thermal and static friction, gravity, and normal forces, were in play during these collisions, resulting in some loss of momentum. Analyzing the data collected, it is evident that the total momentum after each collision was consistently less than the momentum prior to the collision. While the differences were quite small, had this experiment been conducted in a closed system, the amount of momentum lost by the first coin would have equaled the momentum gained by the second coin Table 2: 2D collisions Collision x component y component Mass of coin 1 (moving) in kg 0.0044 X Mass of coin 2 (stationary) in kg 0.0044 X Velocity (m/s) Coin 1 velocity before 0.04 0.00 Coin 2 velocity before 0.00 0.00 Coin 1 velocity after -0.0152 0.0071 Coin 2 velocity after 0.00887 0.0070 Momentum (kg m/s) Total momentum before 1.76 x 10 -4 0.00 Total momentum after -2.79 x 10 -5 6.20 x 10 -5 Kinetic energy (J) Total kinetic energy before 3.52 x 10 -6 X Total kinetic energy after 8.98 x 10 -7 X Total kinetic energy remaining (%) 25.5 X Question 9: In both directions, momentum was not preserved. It's essential to emphasize that the system remained open throughout these observations. In each direction, external forces, including gravity and friction, continued to influence the objects. Consequently, the presence of these net forces resulted in alterations to the momentum of the coins. Question 10: No, kinetic energy is a scalar quantity, meaning it is characterized solely by its magnitude and lacks a specific direction. The kinetic energy formula involves squaring the velocity, which results in a magnitude that is insensitive to the direction of the velocity vector. Consequently, it cannot be broken down into components along the x and y directions.
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